ABSTRACT. Reverse time migration (RTM) solves the acoustic or elastic wave equation by means of the extrapolation from source and receiver wavefield in time. A migrated image is obtained by applying a criteria known as imaging condition. The cross-correlation between source and receiver wavefields is the commonly used imaging condition. However, this imaging condition produces spatial low-frequency noise, called artifacts, due to the unwanted correlation of the diving, head and backscattered waves. Several techniques have been proposed to reduce the artifacts occurrence. Derivative operators as Laplacian are the most frequently used. In this work, we propose a technique based on a spiral phase filter ranging from 0 to 2π, and a toroidal amplitude bandpass filter, known as Laguerre-Gauss transform. Through numerical experiments we present the application of this particular filter on three synthetic data sets. In addition, we present a comparative spectral study of images obtained by the zero-lag cross-correlation imaging condition, the Laplacian filtering and the Laguerre-Gauss filtering, showing their frequency features. We also present evidences not only with simulated noisy velocity fields but also by comparison with the model velocity field gradients that this method improves the RTM images by reducing the artifacts and notably enhance the reflective events. Keywords: Laguerre-Gauss transform, zero-lag cross-correlation, seismic migration, imaging condition. RESUMO. A migração reversa no tempo (RTM) resolve a equação de onda acústica ou elástica por meio da extrapolação a partir do campo de onda da fonte e do receptor no tempo. Uma imagem migrada é obtida aplicando um critério conhecido como condição de imagem. A correlação cruzada entre campos de onda de fonte e receptor é a condição de imagem comumente usada. No entanto, esta condição de imagem produz ruído espacial de baixa frequência, chamados artefatos, devido à correlação indesejada das ondas de mergulho, cabeça e retrodifusão. Várias técnicas têm sido propostas para reduzir a ocorrência de artefatos. Operadores derivados como Laplaciano são os mais utilizados. Neste trabalho, propomos uma técnica baseada em um filtro de fase espiral que varia de 0 a 2π, e um filtro passabanda de amplitude toroidal, conhecido como transformada de Laguerre-Gauss. Através de experimentos numéricos, apresentamos a aplicação deste filtro particular em três conjuntos de dados sintéticos. Além disso, apresentamos um estudo comparativo espectral de imagens obtidas pela condição de imagem de correlação cruzada atraso zero, a filtragem de Laplaciano e a filtragem Laguerre-Gauss, mostrando suas características de frequência. Apresentamos evidências não somente com campos simulados de velocidade ruidosa, mas também por comparação com os gradientes de campo de velocidade do modelo que este método melhora as imagens RTM, reduzindo os artefatos e aumentando notavelmente os eventos reflexivos. Palavras-chave: Transformação de Laguerre-Gauss, correlação cruzada atraso zero, migração sísmica, condição de imagem.
El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación de tipo fenomenológico, cuya intensión fue describir la experiencia de ser maestro de cuatro docentes de un colegio de Medellín que tiene una propuesta educativa diferente a la denominada tradicional. La importancia de dicha experiencia radica en ser testimonio de otros modos posibles de comprender el rol del maestro y su práctica pedagógica, coherentes con algunos de los planteamientos que hiciera el Movimiento Pedagógico en Colombia a mediados de la década de 1970. Los datos se construyeron a partir de entrevistas en profundidad, grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad. Con este material, se inició el proceso de Codificación Abierta y, posteriormente, de Codificación Axial respecto a la categoría maestro. De allí, se establecieron tres subcategorías: 1) Maestro como testimonio de humanidad realizada; 2) Ser maestro es ser aprendiz; y 3) Ser maestro es ser constructor de sentidos. En el presente texto presentaremos la segunda subcategoría.
It is important that new strategies are developed for the management of geoelectrical data produced from engineering and geoscience processing techniques. For this reason, the article demonstrates how pyGIMLi can be used for this purpose. pyGIMLi is an open-source library for the inversion of apparent resistivity array that are often obtained with different geoelectrical survey equipment. The aim is to be able to use this library unaided for various projects and/or to perform various data operations in which the results obtained are more specific and differentiated than those derived from other processing techniques, taking advantage of the fact that this tool is open-source.
Reverse time migration in zones with rugged topography is a method that presents some challenging issues. We present an analysis of reverse time migration in transformed domains, in particular for a technique that goes from an Euclidian to a Riemannian scenario, as suggested by some authors in previous literature. Computational results show that there is not significant improvement in the final image when the Riemannian approach is used as compared with images obtained with an Euclidean metric.
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