The highly vulnerable Pacific southwest coast of Mexico has been repeatedly affected by local, regional and remote source tsunamis. Mexico presently has no national tsunami warning system in operation. The implementation of key elements of a National Program on Tsunami Detection, Monitoring, Warning and Mitigation is in progress. For local and regional events detection and monitoring, a prototype of a robust and low cost high frequency sea-level tsunami gauge, sampling every minute and equipped with 24 hours real time transmission to the Internet, was developed and is currently in operation. Statistics allow identification of low, medium and extreme hazard categories of arriving tsunamis. These categories are used as prototypes for computer simulations of coastal flooding. A finitedifference numerical model with linear wave theory for the deep ocean propagation, and shallow water nonlinear one for the near shore and interaction with the coast, and non-fixed boundaries for flooding and recession at the coast, is used. For prevention purposes, tsunami inundation maps for several coastal communities, are being produced in this way. The case of the heavily industrialized port of La´zaro Ca´rdenas, located on the sand shoals of a river delta, is illustrated; including a detailed vulnerability assessment study. For public education on preparedness and awareness, printed material for children and adults has been developed and published. It is intended to extend future coverage of this program to the Mexican Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico coastal areas.
In fields with marginal economic impact and a considerable amount of wells, it is easy to develop a mindset that accepts past drilling performance and costs. Changing the "status quo" requires the application of new techniques, well analysis, planning, and knowledge management. Accept nothing less than measurable and continuous improvement and reward appropriate risk taking. Under that line of thought, a cemented casing completion was designed.
Cemented casing completion is a technique that provides an opportunity for reducing completion costs along with delivery days without impacting safety or well integrity. In this project, the completion is run straight into the open hole and cemented in place like any conventional casing, without the need to run a liner and perform a traditional cleanup.
In an attempt to save rig time and cost, this new completion approach was trial tested successfully on unconventional exploration gas wells for the first time in Saudi Aramco. Both the completion string and the annulus were pressure tested to the required pressures successfully. About six days of rig time and substantial costs were saved. The team used the latest advanced software to ensure a complete long-term zonal isolation of the cemented completion. Models of the expected stresses, which will be applied inside the completion string and in the annulus during the testing and fracturing stages, were developed. An optimum cementing job schedule was developed to achieve the best quality cement job.
This paper will highlight the advantages of the cemented casing completion design over the conventional monobore design for applicable wells, the challenges while planning and executing, the full risk assessment approach, and software simulation for cementing and completion stages. In addition, this paper will discuss the case study, including detailed operational execution.
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