Aqueous, ethanol and chloroform extracts from Corrigiliola telephiifolia, Echinops spinosus, Kundmannia sicula, Tamarindus indica and Zygophyllum gaetulum were evaluated for antiinflammatory properties in mice (ear oedema induced by arachidonic acid) and rats (subplantar oedema induced by carrageenan) after topical or i.p. administration, respectively. Our results showed that all the plants exhibit antiinflammatory activity, since at least one extract from each plant was active in one of the experimental models. Whereas all the extracts of Corrigiliola telephiifolia and Echinops spinosus were highly active on all the experimental models assayed (values of inflammation inhibition well above 50%), poorer activity profiles were recorded in Kundmannia sicula, Tamarindus indica and Zygophyllum gaetulum. These results support the traditional uses for these plants but indicate that the active principles in the chloroform extracts are probably more active and/or are contained in larger concentrations than the principles in the polar extracts used in the traditional medicine of North-African countries.
The present article analyzes the conditions of social integration of the refugee population in Spain during the period 2012-2016, based on qualitative research data. For that purpose, the authors analyze the current situation of the issue in Europe and particularly in Spain, collects the main data on the sociodemographic profile of the refugees, and finally, exposes the results obtained in the research. During their first five years of incorporation, refugees in Spain are emulating the same vulnerable conditions of integration as in other European countries, mainly marked by job insecurity, housing poverty and economic uncertainty. The factors that explain this situation are as much of structural origin —institutional or economic— as social and personal —language or weakness of social networks—. The Spanish system of reception and social integration is unable to reverse this trend, so is in much need of proposals for reform and revision.
This article analyzes the impact of the economic crisis on Ecuadorian immigrants residing in Spain. This analysis is based on a national survey conducted with Ecuadorian population in Spain. For this purpose, we have developed an impact synthetic index, and split our sample into three groups that have been affected by the economic downturn to different extents. The most harmed group shows high negative impacts on both, housing and economic indicators. On the opposite side, those who have arrived most recently, who are younger and have better schooling level, have experienced a much lighter impact of the crisis. Key words: international migrations, economic crisis, integration, Spain, Ecuador. Resumen: El objetivo del artículo es medir el impacto de la crisis económica sobre el colectivo de origen ecuatoriano residente en España; el estudio se basa en una encuesta realizada a dicha población, utilizando técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariable, se elabora un índice sintético, que segmenta a la población ecuatoriana en función de cómo ha sido afectada por la recesión. El grupo más perjudicado se caracteriza por un empeoramiento en los indicadores asociados a la vivienda y a la situación económica. En el lado opuestomenor impacto de la crisis-, se sitúan aquellas personas que han llegado más recientemente, son más jóvenes y con un mayor nivel de estudios. Palabras clave: migraciones internacionales, ecuatorianos, crisis económica, índice sintético, integración.
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