In Argentina there is a serious housing shortage. The National State responds to this shortage in a quantitative rather than in a qualitative way, avoiding low maintenance architectural and technological solutions for this problem. For this purpose, the passive solar technologies are a truly viable alternative. Therefore, this work presents the design and thermal performance of heat storage walls (HSW) made of mixed materials (concrete and water) for heating mass construction housing built by the National State of Argentina. They are prepared to be included in modules (1.2 m × 2.4 m) on the equator-facing sides since they are made of storage mass made with industrialized stackable pieces. The storage mass is made of concrete with encapsulated water in PVC pipes and it is covered with a single-glazed covering. In this work, the technological design, the industrialization, manufacture and assembly stages, and its performance are presented. Simulations of the systems incorporated into a house were carried out and they were then compared to the most widespread technologies (solid concrete walls). Experimental scale measurements of these systems were also made in a 1.08 m 3 insulated enclosure. The simulations did not show very significant differences among the analyzed systems, but they allowed us to define the use of single glazing as a transparent covering. The measurements show the different loading dynamics of each type of wall and confirm a difference of 2 • C among the internal temperatures, recorded inside the enclosures in favor of the mixed storage wall. The carried out works enabled us to install those systems in social housing in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
<p>El trabajo expone el desarrollo de un sistema acumulador / amortiguador de calor solar térmico de diseño modular y tecnología industrializable. Se trata de un sistema de funcionamiento pasivo y aplicación versátil, orientado a satisfacer requerimientos de climatización y/o estabilización térmica tanto de espacios residenciales como de espacios productivos del sector agropecuario. Se muestra el estudio de antecedentes, el proceso de diseño y los prototipos desarrollados teniendo en cuenta componentes constructivos, geometrías y materialidades. Se presentan los resultados de ensayos de operación del sistema, instalado sobre dos tipos de espacios. En un primer ensayo, se demostró un comportamiento térmico favorable en un espacio productivo tipo invernadero, donde se registró una reducción de la amplitud térmica en su interior, en comparación a la situación del invernadero sin el sistema. Así mismo, se disminuyeron los picos de calentamiento diurno y se estabilizaron las temperaturas de base durante el período nocturno, evitando el fenómeno de inversión térmica. En un segundo ensayo, se instaló el sistema configurado como muro acumulador de calor en un box de ensayos de 9 m2, equiparable a un dormitorio. Se obtuvieron valores de rendimiento de carga superiores al 60% y tiempos de retardo en la onda térmica para calefacción, entre 4 y 4,3 horas. De esta forma el sistema demostró su aptitud para proporcionar un paquete de energía de base para la climatización de este tipo de espacios.</p><p> </p>
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