Whole-genome duplication and post-polyploidization genome downsizing play key roles in the evolution of land plants; however, the impact of genomic diploidization on functional traits still remains poorly understood. Using Dianthus broteri as a model, we compared the ecophysiological behaviour of colchicine-induced neotetraploids (4xNeo) to diploids (2x) and naturally occurring tetraploids (4xNat). Leaf gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analyses were performed in order to asses to what extent post-polyploidization evolutionary processes have affected 4xNat. Genomic diploidization and phenotypic novelty were evident. Distinct patterns of variation revealed that post-polyploidization processes altered the phenotypic shifts directly mediated by genome doubling. The photosynthetic phenotype was affected in several ways but the main effect was phenotypic diploidization (i.e. 2x and 4xNat were closer to each other than to 4xNeo). Overall, our results show the potential benefits of considering experimentally synthetized versus naturally established polyploids when exploring the role of polyploidization in promoting functional divergence.
Las orquídeas constituyen uno de los grupos más diversos dentro de las plantas vasculares y, a pesar ello, esta diversidad se encuentra pobremente representada en la región mediterránea (Velasco & Beltrán, 2008). La familia Orchidaceae presume de ser una de las mejor conocidas en cuanto a morfología, ecología y distribución. Gracias a la complejidad que presentan sus estructuras reproductivas concentra la atención de muchos expertos en el área de la botánica. Aun así, a día de hoy se siguen descubriendo interesantes novedades en este grupo y, gracias a la exploración de lugares que se alejan de los itinerarios botánicos clásicos, podemos adquirir información biogeográfica de gran valor a la hora de la conservación y preservación de estas especies vegetales que por lo general están sometidas a un alto grado de amenaza. Con esta nota se confirma la presencia de cuatro especies de orquídeas de distintos géneros que hasta la fecha no se habían considerado en la flora del distrito andevalense del sector Marianico-Monchiquense (Provincia Luso-Extremadurense, Península Ibérica; Rivas-Martínez, 2005).
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