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The study of meteorological variables and evapotranspiration in open spaces using the three spatial dimensions represents a technical challenge since the high computational resources required only enable the problem to be addressed on a very small scale. This research sets forth a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics numerical model, characterized by its simplicity, which allows problems to be addressed over large areas (scale of kilometres). Similarly, the corresponding design and software developments carried out allow for a more dynamic introduction of meteorological and evapotranspiration boundary conditions. In the numerical domain created, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved, supplemented by a multispecies model (to distinguish the movements of dry air, evapotranspiration and air humidity) and one of solar radiation. The numerical model was applied to a semi-arid area in southern Spain, obtaining the three-dimensional special evolution of evapotranspiration, temperature, air humidity and wind velocity, specifically concerning its variation in horizontal and vertical planes of the three-dimensional domain, as well as vertical profiles at discrete points.

Air pollution is one of the consequences of the industrial development, which causes a lot of health and environmental problems. For these reasons, the quality of the air is one of the major concerns of regional, national and European governments. All of them are developing strict normative to reduce the emissions of contaminants. The quality of the air can be analysed by means of numerical simulations. In this paper, a methodology based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is described. This technique allows evaluating the dispersion of industrial-type air pollutants in a relatively large area, taking into account the orography, buildings and so on. Also, specific models are studied in order to consider the specific characteristics of the industrial contaminants and particles.