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The goals of this study were to assess whether the injection of 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) at 13 days after service of artificial insemination (AI) increases fertility in the study subject and if the same dose injected in the near estrus (20 ± 1 days) after artificial insemination services changed the diagnosis in empty cows without affecting the ongoing gestation. Two experiments were conducted with Holstein cows: (1) In the first experiment, 110 animals were used in summer season and were inseminated and divided randomly in injected and non-injected groups (n = 55). At 13 days post-service, animals in injected group received intramuscularly 1 mg of ECP. (2) The other experiment was conducted during both summer and winter. Four hundred lactating Holstein cows were selected from first and second services. The pregnancy diagnosis were performed by rectal palpation on day 43, only in cows that had not repeated the artificial insemination. The injection of 1 mg ECP at 13 days after IA service does not affect ongoing pregnancy and increases fertility (p < 0.05). In Holstein cows that repeated the heat due the treatment, decreased significantly the proportion of cows that arrive empty to the diagnosis during the summer but not in winter.

The injection of oil into the pleural cavity was a widely used treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis until the advent of effective anti-tuberculous therapy. Long-term complications of oleothorax can occur when the oil is not removed. The authors present an unusual complication of oleothorax, reactivation of tuberculosis, 54 years after oil instillation.