Subclinical Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) and Subclinical Ketosis (SCK) are two of the most prevalent metabolic diseases of dairy cows, with impacts on reproductive performance. There is scarce literature about these diseases in dairy regions in Colombia. In 29 randomly selected herds in Pasto, Colombia, 249 dairy cows were followed weekly for two months postpartum to determine: 1) incidence risk of SARA and SCK; and 2) effects of SARA and SCK on the occurrence of postpartum anestrus (PA) at two months. Samples from ruminal liquor and blood were obtained one time per cow during the first week postpartum to determine presence of SARA (pH < 5.6) and SCK (1.0-2.9 mmol/L of blood Beta-Hydroxy-Butyrate), respectively. PA diagnosis was determined with ultrasound. Pregnancy risks at 30 and 60 days post-breeding (and assumed embryo losses between these days) were determined. Risk factors associated with PA were estimated through a mixed multi-level multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for clustering of cows within herds. The incidence risks of SARA and SCK were 23.3% and 46.2%, respectively. Simultaneous occurrence of SCK and SARA (SCASCK) was present in 5.2% of the cows.In the final multivariable model, the occurrence of SARA (Odds Ratio: OR ¼ 39.4), SCK (OR ¼ 47.4) and SCASCK (OR ¼ 68.5) was associated with increased odds of PA. Feeding a transition period diet was associated with reduced odds of PA (OR ¼ 0.15). Second parity cows had significantly lower odds of PA than first parity cows (OR ¼ 0.21). In conclusion, inadequate pre-partum and postpartum nutritional management of the herds increased the occurrence of SARA and SCK, which had adverse effects on reproductive performance.

La toxocariasis es una zoonosis parasitaria a la cual se encuentran expuestas las personas que conviven con perros y gatos o frecuentan ambientes públicos (parques, jardines, plazas) contaminados con huevos deToxocara spp. Objetivo: Identificar huevos de Toxocara spp. en las zonas verdes de unidades inmobiliarias cerradas del municipio de Pasto. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal doble ciego de tipo descriptivo; se tomaron muestras de suelo de 31 unidades inmobiliarias que contaban con zonas verdes (5 muestras por zona). Las muestras se procesaron por la técnica de Sheather’s. Adicionalmente, con el propósito de caracterizar los hábitos de manejo de las mascotas en la población de estudio, se realizaron 155 encuestas a los propietarios presentes en las zonas donde se realizó el muestreo. Resultados: De un total de 155 muestras tomadas, se identificaron huevos de Toxocara spp. en 19 muestras (12,3%). De los 31 conjuntos residenciales evaluados, 17 conjuntos (54,8%) presentaron huevos de Toxocara spp. Otros huevos de parásitos encontrados en las zonas evaluadas fueron: Ancylostoma spp. 6,5%, Dipylidium spp. 32,3%, Entamoeba 25,8%, Strongylus spp. 58,1%, Eimeria spp.12,9%. Los resultados de la encuesta revelaron que el 91,6% de las personas poseen perros como mascotas, el 98,7% afirma desparasitar a su mascota, de los cuales solo el 18,3% ha realizado este control dentro de los tres últimos meses; el 100% de los encuestados desconocen sobre la toxocariasis y su problemática frente a la salud pública.

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