HAND 11(1S) operations. Materials and Methods: Those 47 cases included 44 males and 3 females with an age range of 15 to 65 at the time of operation (mean age: 27.8). Focal curettage and bone graft for the nonunion site were applied in 40 cases excluding 7 with scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist. As the methods of bone graft, Russe procedure was applied in 4 cases and Herbert procedure was applied in the other 36 cases. As the internal fracture fixation materials, K-wires were used in 6 cases, Herbert screw in 8 cases, Bold screw in 5 cases, Whipple screw in 3 cases, and Acutrak mini screw in 18 cases. Meanwhile, the proximal part of the scaphoid was resected with tendon ball graft, 4-corner fusion, or modified Graner procedure was applied in the 7 cases with SNAC wrist. Postoperative follow-up periods were 2 to 10 years (mean: 4 years 7 months). Results: Bone union was observed in 28 out of 40 cases. The remaining 12 cases included the following: 5 cases which went untreated for at least 15 years, 3 with the application of Herbert-Whipple screw, 2 with the application of Bold screw, 1 with the inadequate insertion of Acutrak mini screw, and 1 with repeat nonunion caused by broken Acutrak screws. Revision surgery was conducted for the all cases: 1 with Russe procedure, 1 with Herbert procedure, and other 10 with vascularized bone graft procedure (2 with Zaidemberg procedure and 8 with the second metacarpal bone graft). As a result, bone union was observed in 10 cases. As the final treatment outcome, the ratio of grip strength of an operated hand to that of nonaffected hand was 50% to 114% (mean: 89%) and flexion-extension arc was 60° to 180° (mean: 121°). Conclusions: We had a satisfactory outcome for our treatment of the scaphoid nonunion. However, it should be noted that pedicle vascularized bone graft procedure needed to be applied to long-term untreated or repeat nonunion cases.