The 1st Christmas Bird Count of Quito recorded 131 species of birds, of 34 families and 15 orders, reflecting that Quito has a largest species richness of birds that previously estimated. The most represented families were Thraupidae, Trochilidae, and Tyrannidae, and the most abundant species: Zenaida auriculata Eared Dove, Zonotrichia capensis Rufous-collared Sparrow, Turdus fuscater Great Thrush, Colibri coruscans Sparkling Violet-ear, and Spatula discors Blue-winged Teal. Almost one-third of the species were recorded in periuban and rural zones with large natural vegetation cover, far from the urban centre; and over one-third of the species were rare, apparently having small populations. The routes at Pululahua, Pichincha volcano, the valley of Guayllabamba, between the Zoo of Quito and the new airport, and the Parque Arqueológico Rumipamba (incl. the Rumiloma ravine) had the largest species richness and the largest amount of unique species. Thirteen boreal migratory species of birds were recorded; including the rare Progne subis Purple Martin and the first individual of Larus smithsonianus American Herring Gull for Ecuador. Twentyone taxa of birds observed at the count are almost endemic to the Andes of Ecuador. The Christmas Bird Count of Quito is a citizen science activity that can generate long-term information on the diversity and population evology of the birds, allowing the development of conservation estrategies for the birds and wildlife of Quito.
BackgroundThe Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis Gmelin, 1789, is a brood parasite of hundreds of small-bodied birds that is native to South American lowlands. Within the last 100 years this species has been expanding its range throughout the Caribbean, towards North America, but has rarely been seen above 2,000 m asl.New informationHere, we present records of Shiny Cowbirds in Quito, a city located 2,800 m above sea level that harbors a bird community typical of the Andean valleys. We found two juvenile individuals parasitizing two different pairs of Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis Müller, 1776). This report constitutes an altitudinal range expansion of reproductive populations of ca. 500m, which may have beenprompted by anthropogenic disturbance.
Moringa oleifera (moringa) es una especie multipropósito con aplicaciones alimentarias y medicinales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue delimitar las áreas con potencial agroecológico para el cultivo de moringa en el estado de Veracruz, México. Para ello, se utilizó una zonificación agroecológica que integra datos científicos y georreferenciados sobre sus requerimientos agroclimáticos, los usos de suelo y la localización de comunidades urbanas, mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Los requerimientos agroclimáticos para el cultivo de moringa derivaron de dos fuentes de datos: una bibliográfica, con publicaciones científicas y bases de datos oficiales; y otra que integró datos georreferenciados, entrevistas semiestructuradas y recolecta de muestras de suelo. Se definieron los criterios para la identificación de áreas potenciales y se construyó un SIG para generar los mapas de las áreas con potencial agroecológico para el cultivo de moringa con cinco categorías: Muy alto, Alto, Medio, Bajo y Muy Bajo. Los mapas del potencial agroecológico incluyeron solo la superficie categorizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía como de uso agropecuario. Los resultados indican que el espacio territorial con muy alto potencial tiene una extensión de 1 008 119 ha, equivalente a 18 % del territorio total disponible en 37 % de los municipios de la entidad. Se concluye que el estado de Veracruz tiene condiciones agroecológicas óptimas para el cultivo de M. oleifera en gran parte de su territorio, y que la incorporación de la información obtenida de los productores locales es importante para definir las áreas con potencial para su plantación.
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