SISTEMÁTICA Y FLORÍSTICAa flora mexicana está reconocida entre las más diversas de la tierra, ya que se ha estimado que posee entre 22,350 y 25,000 especies (Rzedowski y Equihua, 1987;Rzedowski, 1991;Villaseñor, 2003). Asimismo, su endemismo es notable, pues 10% de los géneros y 52% de las especies son exclusivas del país. Sin embargo, a pesar de que actualmente numerosas floras regionales abarcan y brindan el conocimiento florístico de casi tres cuartas partes del país, se estima que 30% de su superficie no ha sido cubierta aún por los estudios florísticos, y que existen áreas insuficientemente exploradas. Éste es el caso de los estados de Zacatecas, Colima, Resumen: Actualmente la Sierra de Santa Rosa es una de las pocas áreas reminiscentes medianamente conservadas en Guanajuato, ya que desafortunadamente el estado se ha caracterizado por la degradación de su cubierta vegetal desde tiempos coloniales. En este estudio florístico se registran 21 taxa infraespecíficos, 496 especies, 273 géneros y 93 familias de plantas vasculares. De éstas, la familia Asteraceae tiene la mayor riqueza de especies, seguida por Poaceae y Lamiaceae. Se registraron tres especies (Selaginella porphyrospora, Zigadenus virescens y Gentiana spathacea) que están incluidas en la Norma Oficial Mexicana de Especies Amenazadas. Se encontró que la riqueza florística de parte de esta sierra es significativa, ya que a pesar de representar una proporción relativamente pequeña (aprox. 0.45%) del área que abarca el proyecto Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes (que ocupa alrededor de 50,000 km 2 ), el número de especies equivale a 8.7% del número estimado para esa flora. Palabras clave: bosque de Quercus, florística, Guanajuato, México, Sierra de Santa Rosa. Abstract:The Santa Rosa range presently contains one of the few moderately preserved vegetation remnants in the state of Guanajuato. Unfortunately, this state has been characterized by the degradation of its vegetation cover since colonial times. In this floristic study we recorded 21 infraspecific taxa, 496 species, 273 genera and 93 families of vascular plants. Among these, Asteraceae comprises the largest number of species, followed by Poaceae and Lamiaceae, respectively. Three species cited in the Mexican Norm of Endangered Species (Selaginella porphyrospora, Zigadenus virescens and Gentiana spathacea) were recorded. Despite the reduced area of this mountain range, which represents around 0.45% of the area covered by the Flora of the Bajío and of Adjacent Regions project (about 50,000 km 2 ), its floristic richness represents 8.7% of the total flora expected for that region.
La presente guía visual está diseñada para que productores y técnicos de campo y habitantes de las zonas aguacateras puedan identificar y así conservar las especies de plantas herbáceas e insectos que tienen el potencial de ser útiles para los sistemas productivos de aguacate. En la presente guía incluimos una lista de las especies de plantas que se encontraron asociadas al cultivo de aguacate y una selección de las plantas que se ha documentado que realizan una función de utilidad para el cultivo. Asimismo, se incluyen las especies de los insectos que acarrearon polen de aguacate y son, por lo tanto, polinizadores potenciales del cultivo.
Context Continental islands are important conservation targets because of their ecological singularities. In the Mexican Pacific, the Chamela Bay Islands Sanctuary in the state of Jalisco is little or not studied at all in terms of biodiversity. Aims The aim of this study is to contribute to the management plan of the sanctuary by presenting a detailed analysis of native vegetation surveys of three islands of the sanctuary. Methods We used quadrats and treks to record and compare plant diversity, species richness, and structure of woody and cacti vegetation of the islands of Cocinas, La Pajarera, and San Agustín. Key results There are 42 woody and seven cacti species on the three islands (Cocinas 28, La Pajarera 17, San Agustín 30), which represent 9% and 42% of the woody and cacti species recorded regionally, respectively. The islands harbour 20 endemic Mexican species (regionally, 8.6% of woody and 30% of cacti species) and four species in some threatened category (regionally, 0.4%). Plant species richness and vegetation structure differ among the three islands, which shared only seven species. Conclusions The richness and abundance of woody and cacti species on the three islands (total area: 55.5 ha) that include Mexican endemic and threatened species emphasise the importance of protecting the whole islands. Implications The islands need a more active vigilance to avoid induced fires and vegetation removal. Our results point out these factors as the major threats for the islands’ conservation.
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