El objetivo de este estudio es adaptar y validar el Cuestionario de Compromiso Escolar desarrollado en Chile en adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia, Uruguay, España y Perú. Para asegurar la equivalencia cultural y lingüística en cada uno de los países, los ítems fueron en primer lugar revisados por siete expertos en educación y posteriormente por treinta adolescentes con características similares a las de la población objetivo. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados a 1578 estudiantes en los cuatro países, a través de una plataforma informática con versiones diferenciadas para cada uno de ellos. Las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones en cada uno de los países fueron adecuadas, de este modo, los análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorios mostraron que en todos los países se replicó la estructura original de tres factores (compromiso afectivo, cognitivo y conductual), y la fiabilidad fue adecuada en todos los casos.
The objective of this article is to identify and analyse discourses in Spain on intensive parenting in the context of the changes that have taken place in relations between parents and their children in contemporary societies. To do this, the author analyses the discourses from 16 indepth interviews carried out with parents and from 14 focus groups of 11-and 12-year-old children. The article makes a distinction between two analytical dimensions of intensive parenting: intensive parenting for the future, which refers to the growing emphasis of parents on children's cognitive development and education, and intensive parenting for the present, which refers to supervision and protection of children in the face of unexpected events affecting their safety and well-being. The article addresses how the perception of new risks and uncertainties strongly encourages different forms of control and greater individualism as families attempt to maximize the advantages of their own members, generating increasingly inegalitarian effects.
El objetivo de este estudio es adaptar y validar un cuestionario para la medición de los factores contextuales principales (familia, profesores y pares) que influyen en el compromiso escolar de estudiantes adolescentes de Colombia, España, Perú y Uruguay. La equivalencia cultural y lingüística de los ítems que conforman el cuestionario en dichos países se aseguró mediante la revisión de expertos en educación y grupos de discusión. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados a 1578 estudiantes a través de una plataforma online. Los resultados de los análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorios indicaron que la estructura en cada uno de los países se adecuaba a la original, con variaciones en los ítems finales.
This article addresses what is still an under-examined issue in social mobility literature: the role played by women in the transmission of social advantages and life chances. We include models that incorporate both progenitors for those who were born in Spain between 1926 and 1976. We selected this country due to the far-reaching transformations experienced there for the female population in recent decades in terms of fertility rates, labor market, and educational mobility. Our results show that joint models that consider the influence of both the mother’s and father’s social class more accurately predict children’s social mobility than models that only considers the father’s social class. Contrary to previous studies, we do not find a clear movement toward a more open society, but rather a gendered fluctuation. While the social fluidity of sons has remained constant over time, daughters have experienced an intense process of social fluidity.
RESUMENEn esta comunicación se trata de analizar en qué medida la transformación social operada en las sociedades contemporáneas puede estar afectando a la relación adultos-infancia en lo referente a los modelos de participación de los niños en la vida familiar.Para el estudio empírico de esta cuestión hemos hecho uso de la base de datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores, Andalucía (1998), de la que se han seleccionado ítems especialmente útiles para el objetivo de esta investigación, esto es, aquéllos que nos informan sobre las concepciones de los adultos respecto a la educación de los niños en el contexto de las relaciones de familia. ABSTRACTIn this paper, we pretend to analyze how and in what extent the social change in contemporary societies, over all in the relationship among adults and childhood, has involved more prominence of the children in a sense of more participation level in the familiar life.
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