There is a controversial relationship between HLA-A2 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested a modifier effect on the risk that depends on genetic loadings. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate this relationship and to reveal genes associated with both concepts the HLA-A gene and AD. Consequently, we did first a classical systematic review and a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Next, by means of an in silico approach, we used experimental knowledge of protein-protein interactions to evaluate the top ranked genes shared by both concepts, previously found through text mining. The meta-analysis did not show a significant pooled OR (1.11, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.24 in Caucasians), in spite of the fact that four of the included studies had a significant OR > 1 and none of them a significant OR < 1. In contrast, the in silico approach retrieved nonrandomly shared genes by both concepts (P = 0.02), which additionally encode truly interacting proteins. The network of proteins encoded by APP, ICAM-1, ITGB2, ITGAL, SELP, SELL, IL2, IL1B, CD4, and CD8A linked immune to neurodegenerative processes and highlighted the potential roles in AD pathogenesis of endothelial regulation, infectious diseases, specific antigen presentation, and HLA-A2 in maintaining synapses.
Contribución de los autores:Ricardo A. Cifuentes: concepción del proyecto, genotipificación y análisis de datos Todos los autores participaron en la captación de los pacientes, la recolección de datos, la interpretación de los resultados y la escritura del manuscrito.Predicción de la sensibilidad a la warfarina con base en polimorfismos de los genes VKORC1 y CYP2C9 en pacientes colombianos Introducción. La validación de los factores predictores de la sensibilidad a la warfarina es importante para evitar las hemorragias asociadas con la terapia anticoagulante. En los estudios previos hechos en Colombia con polimorfismos de los genes VKORC1 y CYP2C9, se reportaban algoritmos con rendimientos diferentes para explicar la variación de las dosis, pero no se evaluaba la predicción de la sensibilidad a la warfarina. Objetivo. Determinar la exactitud del análisis farmacogenético de los polimorfismos *2 y *3 en el gen CYP2C9 y 1639G>A en el gen VKORC1 para predecir la sensibilidad a la warfarina en pacientes del Hospital Militar Central, un centro de referencia que atiende pacientes de diferentes lugares de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se recopilaron los datos demográficos y clínicos de 130 pacientes que habían recibido una dosis estable de warfarina durante más de dos meses. Se obtuvieron sus genotipos mediante un análisis de curvas de fusión, y, después de verificar el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg de los polimorfismos, se hizo un análisis estadístico con enfoque multivariado y predictivo.Resultados. Se construyó un modelo farmacogenético que explicó el 52,8 % de la variación de la dosis (p<0,001), solo 4 % por encima del rendimiento obtenido con los mismos datos usando el algoritmo del International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium. El modelo predictivo de sensibilidad logró 77,8 % de exactitud e incluyó como factores la edad (p=0,003), los polimorfismos *2 y *3 (p=0,002) y el polimorfismo 1639G>A (p<0,001). Conclusiones. Estos resultados en una población mestiza colombiana respaldan la validez de la predicción de la sensibilidad a la warfarina basada en los polimorfismos de los genes VKORC1 y CYP2C9. Prediction of sensitivity to warfarin based on VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms in patients from different places in Colombia Introduction: In the search to prevent hemorrhages associated with anticoagulant therapy, a major goal is to validate predictors of sensitivity to warfarin. However, previous studies in Colombia that included polymorphisms in the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes as predictors reported different algorithm performances to explain dose variations, and did not evaluate the prediction of sensitivity to warfarin. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the pharmacogenetic analysis, which includes the CYP2C9 *2 and *3 and VKORC1 1639G>A polymorphisms in predicting patients' sensitivity to warfarin at the Hospital Militar Central, a reference center for patients born in different parts of Colombia. Materials and methods: Demographic and clinical data were obtained from 130 patients with stable doses of warfari...
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