No abstract

The objective was to evaluate the productive and economic parameters of pigs in the final stage with three commercial feeding programs. 240 pigs with homogeneous characteristics were used, assigning 40 females and 40 males completely random to the treatments. The animals were fed with 3 diets in flour containing different level of protein: T0 (16 %), T1 (16.42 %) and T2 (17.51). For the analysis of the information, a completely randomized design was used, the means were contrasted with the Tukey test. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the evaluated variables, with the highest consumption of dry matter (CDM) recorded in the T1 (2,065), followed by T2 (2,063) and T0 (1,931 kg.). The daily weight gain (DWG) was for T2 of 0.863 grs., T1 with (0.858) and for T0 of 0.826 grs. With a food conversion (FC) for the proposal T0 of 2,562, T1 (2,671) and T2 3,027 kg. The pigs fed with T1 recorded a cost of 16,869 / Kg. of live weight, followed by T2 with $ 14,556 and obtaining more profitability with T0 when obtaining a cost of $ 13,248. The productive behavior between treatments was similar, but the best profitability is obtained with the T0.

The design and construction of a prototype of an artificial surface flow wetland was carried out with the aim of purifying domestic waste water. Field data was taken the reactor was designed and built to assess the plant's (Canna glauca) efficiency in sewage treatment. The location, available surface, and the influent flow were considered for the design; as well as available surface and the flow of influence of the influent the hydraulic retention, the size of the rock bed, the volume of the storage tank, resistance (mechanical, presence of sulfates and cleaning and sanitization substance) and permeability were considered to ensure its service life. A prototype was built where water quality was characterized by a HI 9828-0® multiparametric probe, in the reactor tributary ans effluent. Within the most relevant results is that the amount of oxygen, pH, EC, resistivity, STDs, salinity and ORP, are parameters that were favored with the presence of the aquatic plant for the purification of waste water

Objective: To describe the factors that affect the incubation of fertile eggs of Creole hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) at Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: 448 eggs of Creole hens were incubated in a Casser model 7622 incubator, in which the number of infertile and fertile eggs was evaluated; within the number of fertile eggs, the number of dead embryos was determined; due to dehydration or damage caused by fungi and bacteria. From the live hatched chickens, those that died due to omphalitis were recorded. Results: 272 of 448 incubated eggs were fertile; 119 of them hatched and 153 were dead embryos. While 176 were infertile. Among the dead embryos, 84 of dehydration, 69 due to fungal and bacterial infection and 11 live hatched chicks due to omphalitis. Limitations/implications: The literature review found little information on factors affecting the hatching of fertile Creole chicken eggs in backyard flocks. Findings/conclusions: Infection by fungi and bacteria increase embryonic mortality, while omphalitis increases mortality during the first days of life of the backyard Creole chickens. High storage temperature in the nest or incubator causes embryo dehydration.

Objective: To determinate the nutritional composition of larvae of the Rhynchophorus palmarum L. 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetle in palm trees of the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: In January 2020, 250g of South American Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) larvae were collected from damaged Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis). The larvae were gathered at the Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, located in Tepatepec, Hidalgo, Mexico. They were placed in a plastic jar and later in a freezer for conservation and transportation to the Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, where their nutritional composition was evaluated by proximate chemical analysis. Results: In their proximate composition, the larvae of R. palmarum presented a protein concentration of 25.52% (dry basis) and of 9.04% (wet basis), ether extract of 19.77%, dry matter of 35.74%, humidity of 64.26%, ashes of 0.70%, crude fiber of 1.64%, nitrogen-free extract of 4.58%, calcium of 0.20%, and phosphorus of 0.31%. Study Limitations/Implications: No previous research about the use of this insect as human food in Mexico was found. Findings/Conclusions: We conclude that these larvae can be exploited for human and livestock food (as a protein and energy supplement) and even to enrich and prepare conventional foods for society.