The study of the phytochemical composition of seed oils is of upmost importance for the food and cosmetic industries, mainly considering their associated biological properties. Extraction of seed oils using supercritical fluids (SFE) is an ecological and green alternative to conventional extraction processes since it is able to provide with potent bioactive extracts, avoiding degradation and transformation of the compounds present originally in the raw material. The objective of the present work was the extraction of pure fractions of polar lipids and their chemical characterization using chromatographic techniques such as GC-MS and LC-DAD-MS/MS of blackberry (Rubus glaucus) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seed oils extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Oleamides derived from oleic acid were identified as the main compounds in both samples; in particular, 9-octadecenamide was the major identified oleamide. Besides, the extract obtained from passion fruit showed to be a source of linoleic acid, while the SFE extract from blackberry presented important concentrations of vanillin. The chemical composition of these seed oils can be of high interest for their further use in cosmetics and food industry.
En la presente investigación se determinaron las condiciones óptimas de tiempo, temperatura y tipo de fibra para la extracción por el método HS-SPME de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV´'s) presentes en licor de cacao, mediante la aplicación de un diseño experimental factorial usando la metodología de superficie de respuesta. Las condiciones óptimas determinadas para extraer un mayor número de COV´s mediante el análisis multivariable fueron: 50 min, 60 °C y el tipo de fibra DVB/CAR-PDMS. La precisión del método fue adecuada, con valores de coeficiente de variación (% CV) para la repetibilidad de 0,59 a 11,39 % y 4,29 a 12,93 % de reproducibilidad. El desarrollo del método se realizó empleando una muestra de licor de cacao CCN51 como referencia, producido por la asociación Cortepaz en el municipio de Tumaco en el Departamento de Nariño-Colombia, según las condiciones de fermentación, secado y tostado tradicionales de la región. Utilizando las condiciones óptimas de extracción, se identificaron 39 COV´´'s mayoritarios mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Los resultados determinaron que el licor de cacao presentó principalmente compuestos tipo aldehído, cetona, alcohol, pirazina, éster, terpeno, ácido y lactona, de los cuales los mayoritarios fueron el ácido acético, 2-propanol y 3-etil-2,5-dimetil-pirazina, con porcentajes (%) relativos de área del 46,16; 8,96 y 4,64 respectivamente.
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