Self-medication during pregnancy represents a serious threat for mother and child health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with self-medication among Mexican women living in the central region of Mexico. This is a descriptive interview-study of 1798 pregnant women or women who were pregnant no more than 3 years ago, when the interview was carried out. Data analysis was carried out with chi-square analysis and odds ratio. The prevalence of self-medication (allopathic drugs, medicinal plants, and other products, including vitamins, food supplements, among others) was 21.9%. The factors associated ( < 0.05) with self-medication were: higher education (college and postgraduate), smoking, and consumption of alcohol. Smoking was the strongest factor (OR: 2.536; 1.46-4.42) associated to self-medication during pregnancy, followed by consumption of alcohol (OR: 2.06; 1.38-3.08), and higher education (OR: 1.607; 1.18-2.19). Medicinal plant consumption was associated with nausea, constipation, migraine, and cold ( < 0.05), whereas he self-medication of allopathy was associated with gastritis and migraine ( < 0.05). Self-medication was influenced mainly by a relative or friend, who recommended the use of herbal medicine/allopathic medication. Two of the most common medicinal plants (arnica and ruda) here informed are reported to induce abortion or toxicity during pregnancy. The findings showed that self-medication (medicinal plants and allopathic medication) is a common practice among pregnant women from central Mexico. Adequate counselling of pregnant women by healthcare professionals about the potential risks of self-medication with herbal medicine and allopathic drugs during pregnancy is strongly warranted.

Background: Hypoxia regulates the transport systems expression in kidney cells. Results: Expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 is diminished in LLC-PK 1 cells exposed to low oxygen concentrations. Conclusion: HIF-1␣ modified expression of the renal transporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 in LLC-PK 1 cells. Significance: HIF-1 regulates the expression of glucose transport in LLC-PK 1 cells, and this mechanism may be involved in the adaptation of kidney cells under reductions conditions in pO 2 .

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A new and in situ formed reagent generated by mixing PIFA {bis[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene]} and AlCl3 was introduced in the organic synthesis for the direct and highly regioselective ortho‐chlorination of phenols and phenol ethers. An efficient electrophilic chlorination for these electron‐rich arenes as well as the scope of the reaction are described herein. An easy, practical, and open‐flask reaction allowed us to introduce a chlorine atom, which is a highly important functional group in organic synthesis. The reproducibility of our method has been demonstrated on gram‐scale by carrying out the reaction in 6‐bromo‐2‐naphthol. This halogenation reaction also proceeds in excellent conditions by first preparing the iodine(III)‐based chlorinating reagent. Our new chlorinating reagent can be stored at least for two weeks at 4 °C without losing its reactivity.