The objective of the research was through key actors to identify the contamination by hydrocarbons and heavy metals in water and the main sources of contamination in the municipality of Macuspana, Tabasco. Methodology: A diagnosis was made, by applying questionnaires through interviews directed to the inhabitants of the municipality of Macuspana and workers in the oil sector. The data were processed with frequency analysis, Kruskal Wallis, analysis of variance, and multivariate with two factors. Results: It was shown that there has been historical contamination, for 30 years, there is evidence of dead organisms in the water bodies, and the presence of various diseases in the population due to exposure to contaminants from hydrocarbons and heavy metals that derive from the oil activity. There is evidence of a negative impact due to the presence of spills from disabled wells due to a lack of maintenance programs. Implications: The economy in most of the Gulf of Mexico is based on the extraction, processing, and distribution of hydrocarbons. This industry´s growth increased the number of exploration and production of oil wells, generating a direct impact on aquatic environments. The state of Tabasco is one of the largest oil producers, as well as fishing resources of commercial and environmental importance, which are directly affected by oil activity. Findings: The study found cases of diseases in the population correlated with exposure to hydrocarbons. Conclusions: There is little interest from the oil sector about public health problems in the population and environmental damage to the ecosystems in the municipality of Macuspana, Tabasco.

Objective: To know the variables of the reproductive component of materials for manual cross-pollination purposes, for which the search for sexual synchrony is emphasized. Design/methodology/approach: Four materials were analyzed, two with white pulp and two with red pulp, about which it is unknown if they present sexual self-incompatibility, and the synchrony in flowering is also unknown. The flowering phase and the variables that can shed light on its reproductive behavior were analyzed Results: It was found that the red materials present strong hercogamy, they cannot self-fertilize. There is also no floral synchrony, but there is closeness between the date of anthesis in a pitahaya with white pulp and a red one, which would allow promoting cross-pollination. Study limitations /implications: Hylocereus spp. is consumed in a large part of the world and has acquired a very strong importance since the industrial demand is increasing; however, several of the genotypes used in commercial production in Mexico show low fruit set compared to high floral emission, which is considered self-incompatibility. Findings/conclusions: The presence of hercogamy, stronger in the red-fleshed materials, indicates the existence of sexual self-incompatibility, explaining the fact that the materials emit a large number of flowers, but do not achieve fruit setting.

Objective: To evaluate fertilization with vermicompost and NPK mineral fertilizer in young Persian lime (Citrus x latifolia Tanaka ex Q. Jiménez) trees. Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized block design was established with eight treatments and four repetitions: T1, 0 kg tree-1; T2, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1; T3, 2 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T4, 3 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T5, 4 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T6, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1 + 2 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T7, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1 + 3 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; and T8, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1 + 4 kg tree-1 of vermicompost. The study variables were tree height, stem thickness, crown diameter from North to South (N-S) and East to West (E-W), soil pH, and soil moisture (%). The data were statistically analyzed applying the MINITAB V.17 statistic through an ANOVA (P≤0.05), while a multivariate analysis was used for the means comparison. Results: The tree height and crown diameter variables had different results in the Persian lime trees treated with 4 kg tree-1 of vermicompost (T5). The tree canopy had a similar development than T5 with vermicompost treatments combined with NPK mineral fertilizer. Study Limitations/Implications: Conventional lime production indiscriminately uses synthetic fertilizers, polluting natural resources. Organic fertilizers are a nutritional alternative for the trees. Findings/Conclusions: The vermicompost treatment efficiently maintains adequate soil moisture during the dry season, improving the growth and development of Persian lime trees.

Introducción: El limón persa (Citrus latifolia Tan), también conocido como limón Tahití, limón pérsico es un cultivo susceptible a plagas, las cuales merman la producción y calidad de los frutos. El objetivo fue evaluar diferentes dosis de Neem en la densidad poblacional de insectos plaga y su efectividad biológica en árboles de limón Persa. Materiales y métodos: El experimento se desarrolló en el Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Jesús Carranza en una parcela con 20 árboles de limón persa juvenil, las dosis de los tratamientos aplicados del bioplaguicida neem fueron 2, 3 y 4 ml/L, cada ocho días durante el periodo de agosto a noviembre, se utilizó como testigo el insecticida cipermetrina (2 ml/L); las variables evaluadas fueron: determinación del porcentaje de efectividad del bioplaguicida, número de insectos plagas, e identificación taxonómica de insectos plaga a nivel de árbol. Resultados y discusión: La actividad insecticida se observó en dosis de 3 ml/L (T4) y 4 ml/L (T5), las cuales mostraron una reducción de la población de trips (Pezothrips kellyanus) y mosquita blanca (Dialeurodes citri). El bioplaguicida utilizado mostró una efectividad del 46% en el control de insectos-plagas. Conclusión: El bioplaguicida a base neem es promisorio para el manejo agroecológico de las plagas en cultivos de limón Persa en concentraciones superiores, además que permite la presencia de insectos benéficos en el dosel del árbol.