Ultrathin MnO2 hollow nanoballoons (UMHNBs) have a large ratio of interfacial to total atoms, corresponding to expected improved performance. However, their synthesis is a challenge due to difficulty in controlling the concentration of the unit cells. Herein, we describe a strategy to synthesize dry intact UMHNBs through a one-step synthesis by inflating MnO2 (reduced from KMnO4) with CO2 (oxidized from single-layer graphene oxide nanosheets) followed by instant freeze-drying. UMHNBs are 30-500 nm in diameter with a shell thickness of 3.7 nm, packing with laminar [MnO6] unit cells in the form of δ-MnO2. UMHNBs show efficient catalytic activity for decomposing the organic dye methylene blue (MB), 15 times the biggest reported value, and have long-term catalytic efficacy and durability. The described strategy in this paper makes use of graphene nanosheets to assemble durable ultrathin hollow nanoballoons.
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been implicated in allergic responses, parasitic infection and tumor development. The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PGD2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still undefined. In this study, we firstly found the high concentration of serum PGD2 and low expression of PGD2 receptor CRTH2 in DLBCL, which were associated with clinical features and prognosis of DLBCL patients. Interestingly, different concentration of PGD2 displayed divergent effects on DLBCL progression. Low-concentration PGD2 promoted cell growth through binding to CRTH2 while high-concentration PGD2 inhibited it via regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasion. Besides, high-concentration PGD2 could induce ROS-mediated DNA damage and enhance the cytotoxicity of adriamycin, bendamustine and venetoclax. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat (SAHA) and panobinostat (LBH589) regulated CRTH2 expression and PGD2 production, and CRTH2 inhibitor AZD1981 and high-concentration PGD2 enhanced their anti-tumor effects in DLBCL. Altogether, our findings demonstrated PGD2 and CRTH2 as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in DLBCL, and highlighted the potency of high-concentration PGD2 as a promising therapeutic strategy for DLBCL patients.
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