Background: Maintaining tissue perfusion and oxygen supply are essential for cardiogenic shock (CS) treatment. Sex has been reported to be associated with mortality and oxygen use in patients with CS. Males and females respond differently to hypoxia. We designed this cohort study to evaluate the effects of sex on the association between the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) and in-hospital mortality.Methods: We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) IV database for this cohort study. The outcome was in-hospital mortality. The relationship between the PaO 2 and in-hospital mortality was compared with sex (via an interaction test) using multivariable Cox regression models. Presence of interaction between PaO 2 and sex was tested by using inter interaction terms.Results: A total of 1,772 patients with CS were enrolled in this study. The association between PaO 2

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