The study discussed in this article examined the perspectives of front-line welfare workers on issues related to the implementation of TANF: domestic violence, work requirements, time limits for cash benefits, and functions of workers. Based on focus groups held in upstate New York, findings suggest a lack of criteria for the granting of exemptions from TANF requirements, worker resistance to serving those caught in the cycle of violence, and congruence between the legislation's "work first" strategy and worker preference. However, participants identified limitations to employment-focused welfare programs, including restrictions on education and job preparation. Further research is needed on the implementation of TANF, including use of the Family Violence Option, and on the use of administrative discretion by front-line workers.

Domestic violence has long been acknowledged as an issue in intimate relationships but treated as a private, rather than a public, problem. As fewer federal funds are made available and more fiscal responsibility is shifted to state governments, the states' policies will become more and more critical. This article assesses New York State's domestic violence policy and presents a framework of a three-tier continuum of services: shelter and short-term assistance, transitional services, and treatment for drug and alcohol abuse and mental health problems.

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