Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was initially conceptualized as a psychopathology that arose as a consequence of war time experiences. More recently, available evidence has demonstrated that post‐traumatic stress (PTS) as a consequence of war is buffered by social identity processes. In such contexts, identity resources are arguably more readily accessible given the integral relationship between social identities and intergroup violence. There is no evidence as yet to suggest that social identity processes may act to reduce PTS responses to naturally occurring disasters such as earthquakes and even less data pertaining to non‐Western contexts where the impact of such disasters tends to be particularly catastrophic. This article reports on a study undertaken in earthquake‐affected regions in Nepal devastated by the April 2015 quake and its major aftershock a month later. Participants (n=399) completed measures of their earthquake experience, Post‐Traumatic Stress and Post Traumatic growth (PTG), as well as measures of community identification and collective efficacy. In total 399 people completed the measures approximately six months after the quakes. Results of the study indicated that consistent with tenets of the social identity framework, ethnic and gender group memberships impacted on reported experiences during the earthquake. Reported experience during the quakes and ethnic group membership were both related to increased symptoms of PTS. Ethnicity was also linked to the proportion of respondents reporting clinical levels of PTSD symptoms. The relationship between earthquake experience and PTG was mediated by community identification and collective efficacy. Earthquake experience also had an indirect effect on PTS through collective efficacy. Implications of these findings for those working with traumatized groups are discussed.

Introduction: Qualitative meta-synthesis draws together data from multiple studies and can enrich understandings of client experiences and inform health policy. Meta-ethnography is the most commonly utilised qualitative synthesis approach in healthcare; however, there is variation in the conduct and quality of many published meta-ethnographies. This paper aims to guide occupational therapists on the process of completing a meta-ethnography. Method: A systematic search of articles published from 1986-2016 was conducted. Studies which described an evaluation or critique of meta-ethnography as a research method, and consequently provided reflections or guidance on the method, were included. Two authors independently screened papers and nine relevant papers and one key text were identified. Two authors independently extracted data from identified sources. Results: The seven stages of meta-ethnography described by Noblit and Hare (1988) are presented and integrated with key advancements from subsequent publications. Stages include starting the meta-synthesis, consideration of relevant studies, reading the studies and deciding on how they should be put together, translating the studies into one another, synthesising translations and expressing the synthesis. Conclusion: Given the proliferation of qualitative methods in occupational therapy research, rigorous use of meta-ethnography has great potential to contribute to the research evidence base.

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A B S T R A C TAnalyzing the development of the noun-to-verb ratio in a longitudinal corpus of four Chintang (Sino-Tibetan) children, we find that up to about age four, children have a significantly higher ratio than adults. Previous cross-linguistic research rules out an explanation of this in[*] This research was made by possible by Grant Nos. BI 799/1-2 and II/81 961 from the Volkswagen Foundation (DoBeS program). Author contributions : Stoll designed the study; Bickel performed the data extraction and statistical analysis; Stoll, Bickel and Lieven wrote the paper ; all authors contributed to the development of the corpus. We warmly thank the children and families in taking part in this study. We are grateful to our Chintang assistants for their work on transcription and translation and our student assistants in Leipzig for their work on glossing and tagging the data. The data reported in this work are deposited and available on request at the DoBeS archive . All data extraction analysis was performed using R (R Development Core Team, 2010), with the additional packages lattice (Sarkar, 2010) and gam (Hastie, 2010).

Nurses have an integral role in implementing the National Service Framework for Diabetes. This paper contributes to the debate about how nurses can best deliver this framework to a diverse patient population.