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Part 4: Smart InnovationsInternational audienceBroadband has been recognised as an enabling technology in connecting government and citizens in transitioning towards a smart society. However, governments, especially in developing countries, continue to face challenges in their bid to connect citizens. This study provides an understanding of how institutional pressures have influenced policy implementation to advance the “smart agenda” in a developing country context, using South Africa as an exemplary case study. The study is an interpretive qualitative case study, using documentary evidence as data. Institutional theory is used as a lens for interrogating the issues confronting government in implementing “smart” initiatives. We conclude that policy alone is not sufficient if not supported by a strong implementation plan and other supporting institutional mechanisms such as leadership to coordinate, and direct resources and activities in the institution

As the idea of a smart city has developed over the past few decades and become commonplace, so the urge to decide which cities are smarter or smartest, and the need to measure progress of cities towards increasing smartness have emerged. Measuring the functioning of cities is complex given that they consist of many intersecting systems. Many different measures have been proposed, tested, and in some cases, implemented. This array of measures results in confusion for researchers, policy makers and city management. This review of the academic and practitioner literature, as well as web sites, identified and examined fifty-three different measures for cities. The characteristics of these measures were analysed based on information available from desktop research. Four types and twelve sub-types of smart city measures were identified. From this analysis, a taxonomy of smart city measures is presented. The potential uses of each subtype within the taxonomy are discussed.