Purpose:To analyze T2 maps of pelvic and thigh muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), to identify the most severely affected muscle, and to correlate the T2 of muscle with the grade of fatty infi ltration at nonquantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and results of clinical assessment . Materials and Methods:This prospective study was HIPAA compliant and was approved by the institutional review board; written consent was obtained from all participants' parents or guardians. Thirty-four boys with DMD (mean age, 8.4 years) were evaluated clinically (age, clinical function score, timed Gower score, time to run 30 feet, and serum creatine kinase [CK] level) and with nonquantitative MR imaging and axial T2 mapping from the iliac crest to the mid thigh. The T2 maps and mean T2 of 18 muscles in the pelvis and thighs were analyzed to identify the most severely involved muscle. The amount of fatty infi ltration was assigned a grade of zero to four for all pelvic and thigh muscles by using T1-weighted nonquantitative MR images. The Spearman correlation coeffi cients model was used to correlate the mean T2, nonquantitative MR imaging score and clinical assessments. Results:The gluteus maximus muscle had the highest T2. The mean T2 for this muscle showed a signifi cant correlation with the nonquantitative MR imaging score for fatty infi ltration ( P , .001) and with all clinical assessments except CK level. Conclusion:Gluteus maximus muscles are most severely affected in patients with DMD. The T2 of the gluteus maximus muscle can be used as a quantitative and objective measure of disease severity.q RSNA, 2010

Cardiovascular anomalies in pediatric patients with Turner syndrome include aortic abnormalities and PAPVR. The significant association between elongation of the transverse aortic arch and CoA, BAV, and aortic sinus dilatation may contribute to increased risk of aortic dissection. The presence of PAPVR can be hemodynamically significant. These findings indicate that periodic cardiac MRI screening of persons with Turner syndrome is beneficial.

On US, subcutaneous epidermal inclusion cysts are usually well-circumscribed, oval-shaped, mildly echogenic masses with occasional linear anechoic and/or echogenic reflections, increased through-transmission, hypoechoic rim and no Doppler flow. On MR, an intermediate to high T2 signal mass with occasional low signal debris and no central enhancement can strengthen the diagnosis.

This new combination further increases interventional radiologic capabilities because it provides real-time procedural evaluation and tracking.

There has been a well-documented pediatric obesity epidemic and a dramatic increase in clinical diseases associated with it. These serious health consequences affect nearly every organ system. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated health hazards, pediatric obesity as a diagnosis is often overlooked by health care providers.