This study compared the Functionality of Institutionalized elderly persons and that of the elderly persons living with their family and or community members using the Modified Barthel Index. Two hundred and seventy elderly men and women who met the inclusion criteria were sampled, 135 from 4 Institutions namely Mji wa Huruma, Nyumba ya Wazee Ruaraka, Kariobangi Cheshire home and Mother Teresa in Huruma and 135 from Gumba, Kariobangi, Huruma and Kawangware divisions. Data were coded and entered using EPI Info version 9 and were analyzed using SPSS version 17. There were more totally dependent elderly at Institutions (13.6%), compared to 3% who were Non-institutionalized. The majority of those who were able to independently go in and out of their house and in and out of bed or wheel chair were living in the Institutions of the elderly. There were no gender differences in performing ADLs. More men than women were found to have pressure sores and bed sores. The study will reference for similar studies in Kenya and other parts of the world and prompt tertiary institutions of learning to design new training programs and review existing programs to address the Functionality needs of the growing population of Elderly persons.

Background: Students in tertiary institutions such as public universities can make poor dietary choices, leaving them exposed to various kinds of malnutrition. The students could underestimate the dietary significance of fruits and vegetables despite their proven importance. This research aimed at establishing the prevalence of fruit and vegetable intake in relation to weight status among public university students in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methods: A sample of 385 students was used where a self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data. Besides, a stadiometer and weighing scale were used to ascertain the height and weight of the students. Descriptive and inferential statistical approaches were used to analyse data using SPSS. Results: The study determined that daily intake of fruits and vegetables by university students was low. Regarding weight status, findings showed 5.2% were underweight, most of the participants (54.9%) were within the normal weight range, 25.3% being overweight, while 14.6% were obese. Correlation results showed that there was a negative and significant linear relationship between intake of fruits and vegetable and BMI. Conclusions: The study concluded that fruits and vegetables are vital for an ideal weight status. The study recommends to students to ensure that they set aside an amount of the daily consumption expenditure to spend on fruits, as these are critical for the health today and in the future. Besides, students are advised to frequently monitor their BMI and take corrective actions before the situation deteriorates.

Women's groups have been an integral part of the development of Africa since independence. Various groups and associations have existed with their structure, mission, and composition being determined by their respective community's background and socio-economic status. The groups have been critical in improving the welfare of members' families and the communities at large. This paper is based on a study whose broad objective was to investigate the structure, functions and challenges of Kamweretho -an emergent, non-formal women's group found among the Agikuyu of Kenya. From a broad perspective, it sought to examine the thesis that women groups are an avenue for improving the welfare of group members and their families. From a diachronic perspective, the paper examines comprehensive secondary study of the historical development of the women's movement in Kenya in general and among the Agikuyu in particular. It then narrows focus to the Kamweretho women groups in Nyeri County, whose findings are discussed. The social capital theory was used in the study. On method, convenient sampling was used to select the four Kamweretho groups that participated in FGDs, in depth interviews, and observation. A sample of respondents was drawn using purposive and simple random sampling. The study found that formation of Kamweretho groups was inspired by the desire to pay homage, and cater for the welfare of parents and guardians of group members. Findings show that Kamweretho groups' operations and activities do not fit the conventional mechanisms associated with women groups. More so, they seem to question the authority of the traditional definition of a woman's role and position in the Agikuyu society. As a result, the Kamwerethos are not wholly embraced by the Gikuyu populace, and are a target of sustained mockery and criticism from across the gender and class divide.

Purpose: This study sought to assess the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and associated risk factors among women attending antenatal care clinics in selected Pubic Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Study population was pregnant women who attended ANC care in selected hospital.  The respondents were randomly selected from Tikur Anbesa specialized, Zewuditu Memorial and St. Paul’s Millennium medical college hospitals. Respondents for interview were selected using systematic random sampling at an interval of nine until a sample size of 297 was reached. The study used an adopting both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics while qualitative data was collected using key informant interview schedules and Focused Group Discussion guides with Nurses in charge of antenatal care clinics and primary respondents respectively. Key informants and focused group discussants were purposively selected. Descriptive data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 with the aid of Microsoft Excel program to generate frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis and results triangulated with quantitative data as direct quotes or narrations. Inferential statistics were calculated using Chi-Square tests done at 95% confidence interval and a margin of error of 0.05 to establish the association between variables. Information generated were presented in the text in the form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Results: The study results revealed that the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Addis Ababa was 21.9%. Socio-demographic factors such as age (p=0.030), occupation (p=0.031), income (p=0.0014), highest level of education (p=0.001) and health insurance (p=0.001) were significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Rreproductive and obstetric factors such as age at first pregnancy (p=0.001), gravidity (p=0.046), parity (p=0.001), history of obesity (p=0.001) and occurrence of gestational diabetes (p=0.002) were significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy. More than a half (51.9%) of respondents had negative attitude towards hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. The level of attitude (p=0.040) was significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management of the 3 health facilities together with other stakeholders in health empower women to start income generating projects to increase their financial access to antenatal care services consequently reduces hindrances that may lead to pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sexting practice among students and identify the risky sexual behaviors associated with sexting among students in Machakos University, Machakos County, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The target sample was 347 students aged 18-24 years in Machakos university. Convenience sampling was used for quantitative data and purposive sampling for qualitative data as well as the study area. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were utilized and in-depth interview used for the qualitative data collection. The IBM SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data and triangulated with quantitative findings. Results was presented in tables, graphs and pie charts. Chi square test was done to identify variables associated with sexting and odds ratio to measure the association between sexting and risky sexual behavior. Findings: Sexting (sending of sexually suggestive image/photo) was found to be prevalent among the student at 57% and 48% being two-way sexters. Male respondents engaged more into sexting as compared to female respondents at 67%and 33% respectively.23.0% sexted to keep or get a boy/girlfriend and 14% due to pleasure from their peers. Gender, Age, Level of study and relationship status were all significantly associated with sexting (P=0.000, P=0.027, P=0.002 and P=0.022 respectively). Risky sexual behaviors among students included early sexual intercourse 74%, but 54% had not used protection. Sexting and risky sexual behavior were found to be associated because most of the respondents who engaged in sexting were eight times more like to engage in early sexual intercourse, and the perception of sexters was that if one was sexting they were six times likely to have sex with the person they sexted, and so the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between sexting and risky sexual behavior was rejected and the alternative hypothesis adopted. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Adoption of Multi sectoral to develop policies, and design youth programs with a wide range of issues relating to sex and sexuality and how to safely navigate the internet and form healthy relationships both on and offline, which include issues such as sexting with young people from a young age.