Practical applications of Zn-airb atteriesa re usually limited by sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction. Replacing Pt-basedc atalysts with convenient, efficient and low-cost materials to boost oxygen reductionr eaction is highly desirable. Herein, ac lass of FeÀNc o-doped carbon nanofibers is successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile/metal-containing ionic liquid-based electrospun films. The ionic liquidsa ct as porogen to provide multiscale pores as well as activator to bring carbon nanofibers active sites. The catalyst possessing appropriate actives ites and unique 3D porous architecture exhibits remarkable longterm stability and electrocatalytic activity.P articularly,t he catalystm aintains as hape of membrane after carbonization, manifesting its direct use as air electrode without binders. It is notable that an all solid-state Zn-air battery based on the carbon nanofibers exhibitsg ood flexibility,i ndicating its promising applicationasw earable devices.

In this paper, the rational design of Fe‐N‐, Fe‐S‐, and Fe‐N‐S‐based model catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), developed using task‐specific hypercrosslinked polymers as precursors is presented. Based on the model catalysts, atom‐induced differences in ORR performance are carefully examined. In the S‐doped carbons, Fe1−xS forms the metal nanoparticles, while the N sourced together with FeCl3 ensures the uniform distribution of Fe3O4. Obtained results indicate that N/Fe3O4 acts as the higher catalytic active site, whereas the S/Fe1−xS deteriorates the ORR catalytic activity. However, due to the synergistic effect between Fe1−xS /Fe3O4 and N, the S‐doped carbons can substantially enhance the ORR performance. Hence, this work provides guidance for the efficient design of Fe‐N‐S‐based catalysts for ORR.

This study describes a self-doping and additive-free strategy for the synthesis of metal-nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (CMs) via carbonizing well-tailored precursors, metal-containing ionic liquids (M-ILs). The organic skeleton in M-ILs serves as both carbon and nitrogen sources, while metal ions acts as porogen and metallic dopants. A high nitrogen content, appropriate content of metallic species and hierarchical porosity synergistically endow the resultant CMs (MIBA-M-T) as effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). MIBA-Fe-900 with a high specific surface area of 1567 m g exhibits an activity similar to that of Pt/C catalyst, a higher tolerance to methanol than Pt/C, and long-term durability. This work supplies a simple and convenient route for the preparation of metal-containing carbon electrocatalysts.