Stool color card screening seemed to increase parents' and physicians' awareness of biliary atresia. It also was associated with a decline in the proportion of late referral. Thus, screening might be especially effective in areas with high a proportion of late referral. Improvements in the speed of workup and the operation room should be the focus of education and training in the future.

Introduction: The major burden of diseases in childhood has shifted from infectious diseases to chronic health conditions in recent decades. Although the rates of infectious diseases have decreased, the incidence of chronic diseases stemming from infectious agents continues to grow. Enterovirus is a major infectious disease of childhood and has been linked to numerous chronic diseases. We analyzed population-based data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to investigate the correlations between enterovirus infection and major chronic health conditions in children.

Thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is an extremely rare neoplasm in children. [1][2][3][4] It is an aggressive tumor with high rates of invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. The causative role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in pediatric thymic LELC is unclear, with limited treatment guidelines. Higher expressions of programmed cell death ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) and its receptor (PD-1) were found in thymic carcinomas. 5,6 However, therapeutic effects of PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitor therapy on LELC in children have not been reported.We report a 17-year-old male patient without any systemic disorder. He started to experience soreness and tightness over his right dorsal neck and chest areas, with symptoms progressively worsening.He was admitted to our ward in December 2018. Laboratory findings indicated that the patient was anemic, with leukocytosis, elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (388 IU/L) and C-reactive protein (7.809 mg/dl). His CA-125 level was 564 units/ml (N < 35.0 U/ml).