Clinical observations have suggested that low-energy lasers might promote wound healing. Evidence suggests that He-Ne laser irradiation induces an increase in the rate of keratinocyte migration and proliferation as compared with nonirradiated controls in vitro. This study sought to determine whether He-Ne laser could induce cytokine production in cultured keratinocytes. The results revealed (i) a significant increase in interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-8 production and their respective mRNA expression in He-Ne laser-treated groups as compared with nonirradiated controls, and (ii) under 1.5 joules/cm2 irradiation, this stimulating effect of He-Ne laser treatment is concentration-dependent. Because interleukin-1 alpha induces keratinocyte migration, this finding may partially explain the stimulatory effects on the motility of keratinocytes. As both interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-8 provoke proliferation of keratinocytes, it is not unreasonable to propose that these two cytokines play a profound role in the enhancement of keratinocyte proliferation as a result of He-Ne laser irradiation. Our findings provide further evidence of enhanced wound healing at the cellular and molecular level as a result of the He-Ne laser.

This work investigates experimentally and numerically the chemical kinetics of OH species generated in kHz helium atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharges with different H2O concentrations. The OH densities of cases are determined from measurements of the ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UVAS) system with transition parameters evaluated by LIFBASE. The 1D plasma fluid model (PFM) with compiled chemistry including the formation of charged cluster ions to capture the discharge dynamics for analyzing mechanisms of OH species properly. The simulated current densities of cases with 0.8% and 2.0% H2O concentrations increase from 29 to 51 A m-2, agreeing with experimental measurements. The simulated OH density increases from 1.5×10^19 m^-3 to 2.0×10^19 m^-3 as the H2O concentration increases from 0.4% to 2.0%, agreeing with OH densities interpreted from the UVAS system for cases with various H2O concentrations. The simulated results reveal that the electron and H2O+ are essential species for OH production through dissociative reactions (e + H2O -> e + OH + H) and (H2O+ + H2O ->H+(H2O) + OH) contributing to 61% and 23% of OH production, respectively. It is observed that the OH self-recombination reaction (OH + OH + He → H2O2 + He) contributes to 32% of OH consumption as the dominant reaction. Moreover, the stepwise recombination reactions (OH + H2O2 → H2O + HO2 and OH + HO2 → O2 + H2O) contribute to the overall 27% of OH consumption. As the essential species contributing to the OH production and consumption, a detailed analysis of electron and H species is conducted. The high average reaction rates of dissociative attachment reactions consume most of the electrons after the breakdown, which leads to the variation of discharge current density. The saturation of OH species is attributed to the transition of electron chemical kinetics and the recombination reactions of OH species.

Abstract. In the age of technoIogy, most of the network services otiginally TUn on large scaIe and base on complicated systems. When they're brought into our horne, the migration could detive further technicaI problems due to the change of scale and cost. Horne networking stTUcture is often improvised and built up with severaI types of wireless technology, such as WiMedia and WiFi, inside several small rooms. In addition, people enjoy walking around at horne and being served without constraints and service interruption, so the seamless services and mobility within horne are a must. This paper desctibes a novel notion on the transition among wireless connectivities at horne which is named Hand-around and efliciently provides seamless network services while moving in heterogeneous and improvised horne networking. A developing technique in Mobile IPv6, called multiple care-of addresses (MCoA) registration, is the best candidate to accomplish such seamless services in an all-IP horne network. Besides, it's a pure layer-3 mechanism and hence could more easiIy apply on and adapt to horne services without massively changing the operational tlow and system hierarchy, especially suited for services of multimedia, communication and entertainment. This notion also gives a new vision to some scenarios described in Horne Gateway Initiative (HG\) document.

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