Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound which is versatile lead compound for designing potent therapeutic agents. Different pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized by various conventional methods and also from green methods. The pyrimidine moiety widely occurs in biologically occurring compounds, such as nucleic acids components, folic acid and vitamin B1 etc. This compound has various biological activities like anticancer, antitubercular, antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, analgesic, CNS depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antihelmentic and herbicidal activity. Available data represents pyrimidine being heterocyclic six membered ring systems has various pharmacological actions and synthesis of pyrimidine and their derivatives are discussed. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE 2.1 CONVENTIONAL SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE 2.2 GREEN SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE 3. MEDICINAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PYRIMIDINES 3