We would like to thank the VALA partners who participated in this study and commented on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study would not have been possible without the financial support from Nordplus for networking and cooperation. We are grateful to Gu for her management of the data collection process.

The aim of this study was to examine the adaptation versus adoption of the Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI, Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon, & Saunders, 1996a) outside the U.S. as a measure readiness for career decision-making. A sample of Finnish polytechnic students (N = 666) completed a Finnish-language version of the CTI. A principle components analysis identified three components: Decision-Making Confusion, Commitment Anxiety, and External Conflict. The results were in accordance with the findings of the U.S. validation studies. The three-factor model explained 36.97% of the total variance. Given the Finnish translation of the CTI, the factor structure and reliability coefficients supported the construct validity of CTI scores and partial structural equivalence was observed. The results demonstrated that it would be appropriate to adapt, not to adopt, the CTI based on CIP theory to the Finnish context. Before implementation of the Finnish CTI in practice, certain modifications in items and scales are warranted.

The NICE Handbook is a publication of the Network for Innovation in Career Guidance and Counselling in Europe (NICE), an academic network of 46 higher education institutions in 30 European countries, which is funded with financial support from the European Commission under the Lifelong Learning Programme from 2009-2015. The European Commission's support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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