This porpose of this study was to determine the effect of various levels of McDougall solution, the origin of rumen fluid, and a combination of various levels McDougall solution with origin of rumen fluid on the dry matter, organic matter and crude protein in vitro. This study used completely randomized factorial design with six treatments and four replications. Such treatments include: A1B1 = 2 : 1 (26.67 ml McDougall: 13.33 ml cow's rumen fluid), A1B2 = 2 : 1 (26.67 ml McDougall : 13.33 ml rumen fluid buffalo), A2B1 = 3 : 1 (30 ml McDougall : 10 ml of liquid cow's rumen), A2B2 = 3 : 1 (30 ml McDougall : 10 ml rumen fluid buffalo), A3B1 = 4 : 1 (32 ml McDougall : 8 ml of liquid cow's rumen), A3B2 = 4 : 1 (32 ml McDougall : 8 ml rumen fluid buffalo). The parameters observed in this study is the dry matter digestibility (KcBK), organic matter digestibility (KcBO), and digestibility of crude protein (KcPK). The results of this study indicated that the use of the combination between the McDougall solution and the origin of rumen fluid was not significant (P>0,05) on the dry matter digestibility (KcBK) and organic materials (KcBO) but McDougall solution level factors (factor A) affected significantly (P<0.05) on digestibility of crude protein (KcPK). The conclusion of this study is the use of various levels McDougall solution that combined well with rumen cow fluid and buffalo rumen fluid indicates dry matter and organic digestibilities are relatively the same. However on level 2 : 1 significant effect was higher on the digestibility of crude protein. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai level larutan McDougall, asal cairan rumen, dan kombinasi berbagai level larutan McDougall dengan asal cairan rumen terhadap kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, dan protein kasar secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi: A1B1 = 2:1 (26,67 ml larutan McDougall : 13,33 ml cairan rumen sapi), A1B2 = 2:1 (26,67 ml larutan McDougall : 13,33 ml cairan rumen kerbau), A2B1 = 3:1 (30 ml larutan McDougall : 10 ml cairan rumen sapi), A2B2 = 3:1 (30 ml larutan McDougall : 10 ml cairan rumen kerbau), A3B1 = 4:1 (32 ml larutan McDougall : 8 ml cairan rumen sapi), A3B2 = 4:1 (32 ml larutan McDougall : 8 ml cairan rumen kerbau). Peubah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), dan kecernaan protein kasar (KcPK).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi antara larutan McDougall dan asal cairan rumen tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan bahan organik (KcBO) namun faktor level larutan McDougall (Faktor A) berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan protein kasar (KcPK). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan berbagai level larutan McDougall yang dikombinasikan baik dengan cairan rumen sapi maupun cairan rumen kerbau menunjukkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang relat...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate ammoniated corn husk  in vitro digestibility in  cattle  ration.   Measured  parameters  in  the  current  experiment were    in vitro  digestibility  of     dry matter, organic matter,  crude  protein.  This  study was  assigned  into  completely  randomized  design  (CRD) with  5  treatments  and  4  replications. The  treatments were  ; T0 =  70% Forage  (100%  grass +  0% ammoniation of  Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate,  T1 = 70% Forage (75 % grass + 25% ammoniation of Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate, T2 = 70% Forage (50% grass + 50% ammoniation of Corn husk) +  30 %  Concentrate,  T3  =  70%  Forage  (25%  grass  +  75%  ammoniation  of  Corn  husk)  +  30 % Concentrate, T4 = 70% Forage (0% grass + 100% ammoniation of Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate.  Result of this study showed  that the treatments were  significantly (P<0,05) influence digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein. Increased level of   ammoniated corned corn husk made higher  in  vitro  digestibility  of  ration.    It  concluded  that  ammoniation  of    corn  husk  could    increase digestibility and th eammoniated  corn husk  may substitute forage in cattle ration.

In Indonesia, the smallholder oil palm plantations constitute 42% of the national oil palm plantation area. Therefore, the success of increasing the productivity of smallholder palm oil will have a major impact on the sustainability of the national palm oil industry. Replanting aging oil palm trees is a priority in Indonesia. Old trees become less productive, and to maintain or even increase yields to meet the demand for palm oil without increasing land used, replanting is necessary. For large agribusinesses, replanting is done regularly, however, for smallholders, this can be a challenge for various reasons mainly related to loss of income, lack of labor, and uncertainty about the process. It is important to determine the impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting program (SPR Program) in stages as a material for consideration in formulating more anticipatory and responsive policies so that they are right on target.The indicator of temporary loss of income is generated through a gradual calculation at three economic levels, namely household (micro), sectoral (agriculture) and regional (macro) economy. The calculated indicator value is in the form of a relative value that can be used as a reference in decision making, using the approach of the proportion of affected households and the level of temporary income loss, but in general the two approaches have a unidirectional relationship. The method developed in stages in this paper is recommended to be used in making decisions in government intervention policies in the context of handling the negative impact of the SPR Program as well as programming and community empowerment activities. A priority policy to prepare households and regions to face temporary loss of income sources due to the SPR. Empowerment policies that contain a priority scale both from the target group, implementation time, and period as well as the form of activities and programs according to their potential and needs. Key words: palm oil, replanting, temporary loss of income, empowerment, policy

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kecernaan in vitro komponen serat yaitu NDF, ADF dan Hemiselulosa pelepah sawit dalam ransum ternak ruminansia.             Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing – masing perlakuan adalah A : 70% Hijauan (100% Rumput + 0% Pelepah Sawit) + 30% Konsentrat,  B : 70% Hijauan (75% Rumput + 25% Pelepah Sawit) + 30% Konsentrat,   C : 70% Hijauan (50% Rumput + 50% Pelepah Sawit) + 30% Konsentrat,   D : 70% Hijauan (25% Rumput + 75% Pelepah Sawit) + 30% Konsentrat, dan  E : 70% Hijauan (0% Rumput + 100% Pelepah Sawit) + 30% Konsentrat.             Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan Hemiselulosa.             Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan pelepah sawit sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia dapat digunakan hanya sampai 25% menggantikan rumput dalam ransum.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate in vitro digestibility of  fiber components of the cattle ration containing ammoniated  corn husk.  Parameters measured in the present experiment were   Dry Matter (DM), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) in vitro digestibilities.  This  study  was  assigned  into  completely  randomized  design  (CRD)  with  5  treatments  and  4 replications. The treatments were ; T0 = 70% Forage (100% grass + 0% ammoniated Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate,  T1 = 70% Forage (75 % grass + 25% ammoniated Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate, T2 = 70% Forage (50% grass + 50% ammoniated Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate, T3 = 70% Forage (25% grass  +  75%  ammoniated  Corn  husk)  +  30  %  Concentrate,  T4  =  70%  Forage  (0%  grass  +  100% ammoniated Corn husk) + 30 % Concentrate.   Results of this study showed that the treatments were significantly (P<0,05) influence of dry matter, NDF and ADF digestibilities.  Increasing percentage of  corn husk ammoniation in the ration increased in vitro digestibility. It is concluded that ammoniation with urea to corn husk could  increase digestibility and the ammoniated corn husk  ammoniation may substitude forage for cattle ration.