No abstract

Anatomists’ formaldehyde exposures often exceed Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) set to minimize risks of cancer, allergy and irritation. OELs vary worldwide. The U.S. OSHA regulatory 8‐hour OEL is 0.75 ppm with an Action Level of 0.5 ppm. The 15‐minute Short Term Exposure Limit is 2 ppm. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends a lower Ceiling Limit of 0.3 ppm, which is in use by many countries and is designed to prevent eye and upper respiratory tract irritation. Personal breathing zone air samples are preferred and are typically >2 times higher than area samples. Short‐term sampling captures worst case exposures such as initial dissection of the cranium, abdomen and thoracic cavity. Passive, active and real‐time techniques each have benefit and will be discussed along with the value of using credentialed industrial/occupational hygienists, validated sampling methods and accredited laboratories where available. In the U.S., formaldehyde levels at or above the OSHA Action Level of 0.5 ppm trigger required signage, training, medical monitoring, and personal protective equipment. The challenges of formaldehyde respirator use in gross anatomy labs will be reviewed via a case study. Risk management of sensitive individuals due to pregnancy, asthma or formaldehyde allergy and unregulated individuals such as students and volunteers will also be addressed.