Background and PurposeGait disorders in individuals with Parkinson's disease (IwPD) are among the most disabling symptoms. Physical exercise has been proposed for the treatment of IwPD because it shows positive effects on gait variables. Given the importance of physical activity in the rehabilitation process of IwPD, the assessment of interventions to identify those most promising for improving or maintaining gait performance is of great relevance. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of Mat Pilates Training (MPT) and Multicomponent Training (MCT) on the spatiotemporal variables of gait in situations of daily dual‐task performance in IwPD. Gait analysis in a daily dual‐task context allows the simulation of real‐life conditions where individuals have a higher risk of falling than in single‐task walking.MethodsWe conducted a single‐blinded randomized controlled trial with 34 mild‐to‐moderate IwPD (Hoehn‐Yahr stage 1–2). They were randomized to one of two interventions: MPT or MCT. All participants performed the training for 60 min, three times per week, for 20 weeks. Spatiotemporal gait variables were evaluated in a daily life situation to increase the ecological validity of the measurements, which included gait speed, stride time, double support time, swing time, and cadence. The individuals walked on a platform holding two bags with a load corresponding to 10% of their body mass.ResultsAfter the intervention, there was a significant improvement in gait speed in both groups: MPT (p = 0.047) and MCT (p = 0.015). The MPT group reduced the cadence (p = 0.005) and the MCT group increased the stride length (p = 0.026) after the intervention.DiscussionBoth groups had positive effects on gait speed with load transport resulting from the two proposed interventions. However, the MPT group showed a spatiotemporal adjustment of speed and cadence that can increase gait stability, which was not found in the MCT group.

This paper intended to analyse the relation between the heritage interventions on Portuguese castles, from 2001 onwards, and the context in which they are integrated, namely on the impact of these heritage interventions on local trade and the participation of the local communities in the decision-making process.Heritage is no longer a process of construction of identity(ies), having become instead a series of artefacts and cultural practices categorized and managed by a specific circle of experts. This situation led to a progressive creation of new categories tending to accommodate the multiple meanings of the heritage concept to different non-western cultures; a phenomenon that led into a crisis of accumulation of heritage that poses considerable challenges in terms of a nation's financial management. In addition to this, there was a large increase in the number of visits to heritage sites since the second half of the twentieth century, a fact that was expected to generate economic benefits to the region or the nation's development.The results achieved by the study showed that in spite of the different contexts there were no significant differences regarding the concept, programme and use of the heritage interventions, reflected in the poor adequacy to the context in which they are integrated, especially concerning the availability of financial means to secure their maintenance and the anticipated beneficial economic impact. To solve the problems identified above, higher involvement of the local communities could be an important step forward towards sustainable maintenance.

La explotación, de diversa índole, de lugares vinculados a eventos traumáticos con la posibilidad de fruición pública a través de su musealización sigue siendo una problemática con un debate abierto. Esta musealización proviene, en muchos casos, de la institucionalización de la clasificación y gestión de lugares llamados patrimoniales, más que de la necesidad interna de una determinada sociedad o grupo identitario de crear un espacio-memorial con respecto a esa misma memoria traumatizante, o bien la aniquilación de ésta como forma de superar el evento traumatizante vivido. En este sentido, en la era actual, en la que se reclama tanto el concepto de memoria, los lugares del trauma son un ámbito privilegiado para seguir reflexionando sobre el objetivo fundamental de la conservación, y qué mecanismos de memoria justifican que diferentes culturas hayan históricamente lidiado con esta tipología de eventos de forma tan diversa, y cuáles han sido las consecuencias en la gestión de esos lugares en su esencia, fuera de las prácticas tradicionales establecidas desde la esfera experta. Volviendo a la idea inicial, esa misma explotación, que conlleva como propósito teórico la posibilidad de una experiencia cultural, pone de manifiesto cuestiones de suma importancia sobre la extrañeza que a priori provoca la satisfacción al visitar estos lugares del trauma: el tradicional concepto de patrimonio ha sido históricamente construido bajo la exaltación de valores que se presuponen positivos, por lo cual es fundamental el debate sobre la disonante actitud hacia una idea de un patrimonio del trauma.

ResumoO conceito de património tem vindo a sofrer alterações para se adequar à multiplicidade de significados que o mesmo aporta para diferentes culturas, conduzindo a uma acumulação de património. Além disto, a crescente afluência de visitantes aos lugares patrimoniais foi interpretada como um benefício económico, tendo tido um impacto significativo nas intervenções patrimoniais, nomeadamente na progressiva musealização e adaptação à fruição pública. O património deixou, assim, de ser um processo de construção de identidade(s). Sendo que os castelos portugueses constituem um factor identitário para as comunidades onde se inserem, verificou-se, após uma análi-se da relação entre as intervenções patrimoniais contemporâneas nos castelos e as singularidades de cada contexto territorial, que estas não constituem um ponto de partida. Neste sentido, para colmatar esta problemática, deverá haver uma análise profunda do contexto local e uma maior participação da comunidade com vista à definição do património como um processo de construção de identidade(s). Palavras-chavePatrimónio, identidade, castelos portugueses, território, comunidade.