OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the duration of the retention period in growing patients undergoing maxillary expansion and its relation with posterior crossbite stability. METHODS: Search strategies were executed for electronic databases Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, which were completed on January 15, 2016. The inclusion criteria included randomized, prospective or retrospective controlled trials in growing subjects with posterior crossbite; treated with maxillary expanders; retention phase after expansion; post-retention phase of at least 6 months. The exclusion criteria were anterior crossbite, craniofacial anomalies, surgery or another orthodontic intervention; case reports; author’s opinions articles, thesis, literature reviews and systematic reviews. The risk of bias of selected articles was assessed with Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and Downs and Black checklist for non-RCTs.RESULTS: A total of 156 titles/abstracts was retrieved, 44 full-texts were examined, and 6 articles were selected and assessed for their methodological quality. The retention period after maxillary expansion ranged between 4 weeks and 16 months. Fixed (acrylic plate, Haas, Hyrax and quad-helix) or removable (Hawley and Hawley expander) appliances were used for retention.CONCLUSIONS: Six months of retention with either fixed or removable appliances seem to be enough to avoid relapse or to guarantee minimal changes in a short-term follow-up.
Comparar os tecidos moles faciais de respiradores nasais (RN) e bucais (RB), utilizando imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo comparativo composto por quatro variáveis cefalométricas angulares e oito lineares, obtidas de tecidos moles faciais de indivíduos RN e RB, em uma amostra composta por 43 indivíduos jovens de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 24 anos, submetidos ao exame tomográfico anteriormente ao tratamento ortodôntico. Os indivíduos foram previamente divididos em dois grupos por um otorrinolaringologista, de acordo com o padrão respiratório. O diagnóstico da respiração bucal foi feito em conformidade com os resultados de exames específicos: exame clínico, rinoscopia e endoscopia nasal. Os dados obtidos a partir do software InVivo 5.3 Dental (Anatomage -San Jose, Califórnia) foram avaliados através da comparação dos valores das medições das variáveis dos grupos RN e RB, além da comparação das diferenças entre esses valores. Resultados: Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos com relação às variáveis, "ângulo nasolabial", "inclinação do incisivo central superior" e "convexidade dos tegumentos faciais". Conclusão: Os respiradores bucais adolescentes e adultos jovens apresentam ângulo nasolabial mais aberto, devido à maior inclinação lingual do longo eixo dos incisivos superiores, além de maior convexidade dos tecidos moles faciais.
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