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This chapter focuses on the connections between interactive motifs and dyadic and network structure and process. Cognitive, affective, and behavioral motifs reveal individuals' propensities to think, feel, and act in certain ways across situations and contexts. Applied to relationships, these interactive motifs reflect how individuals evaluate, respond to, and engage with other people. Thus motifs act as mediators between individual characteristics and the friendship patterns that emerge when partners engage with one another. The chapter analyzes research on older adult friendship to illustrate fundamental aspects of each interactive motif and show how these motifs are expressed through cognitive, affective, and behavioral interactive processes that influence friendship outcomes at the dyadic and network levels. The chapter concludes with discussion and empirical examples of how research on interactive motifs suggests evidencebased approaches for interventions aimed at sustaining psychological well-being.

Abstract. The research initiative CITY 2020+ assesses the risks and opportunities for residents in urban built environments under projected demographic and climate change for the year 2020 and beyond, using the city of Aachen as a case study. CITY 2020+ develops strategies, options and tools for planning and developing sustainable future city structures. The investigation focuses on how urban environment, political structure and residential behaviour can best be adapted, with attention to the interactions among structural, political, and sociological configurations and their impacts on human health. The interdisciplinary research is organized in three clusters. Within the first cluster, strategies of older people exposed to heat stress, and their networks as well as environmental health risks according to atmospheric conditions are examined. The second cluster addresses governance questions, urban planning and building technologies as well as spatial patterns of the urban heat island. The third cluster includes studies on air quality related to particulate matter and a historical perspective of city development concerning environmental issues and climate variability. However, it turns out that research topics that require an interdisciplinary approach are best addressed not by pre-structuring the work into related sub-projects but through combining them according to shared methodological approaches. Examples illustrating this rather practical approach within ongoing research are presented in this paper.

Spatial structures create places for interaction, positively influence communitization and in their representation are reminiscent of third places in natural neighborhoods; however, due to class barriers and rules they cannot be described as third places.

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