Service-based applications have to continuously and dynamically selfadapt in order to timely react to changes in their context, as well as to efficiently accommodate for deviations from their expected functionality or quality of service. Currently, self-adaptation is triggered by monitoring events. Yet, monitoring only observes changes or deviations after they have occurred. Therefore, selfadaptation based on monitoring is reactive and thus often comes too late, e.g., when changes or deviations already have led to undesired consequences. In this paper we present the PROSA framework, which aims to enable proactive selfadaptation. To this end, PROSA exploits online testing techniques to detect changes and deviations before they can lead to undesired consequences. This paper introduces and illustrates the key online testing activities needed to trigger proactive adaptation, and it discusses how those activities can be implemented by utilizing and extending existing testing and adaptation techniques.

In open and distributed property-based access control systems, access rights are granted because of presented certified properties. However, controlling agents base their access decisions not only on presented certified properties. Crucial factors are the correlations between certified properties, experiences and expectations concerning other participating agents, and the resulting trust modalities. This work identifies the essential correlations and demonstrates how they can be explicitly integrated in access decisions.