Using an evaluative priming procedure, this study tested whether automatic evaluations of running differ among groups based on their amount of exercise and whether they were runners or not. Ninety-five participants (26 ± 5.06 years; 46% female) were divided into five groups: an inactive group, active exercisers, highly active exercisers, active runners, and highly active runners. A priming effect score was calculated based on the concept of response facilitation or inhibition: the reaction is faster when the target and prime are valence congruent and becomes slower if they are incongruent. The highly active runner group differed significantly from the inactive group (p < .01) and from the active exerciser group (p < .05). Furthermore, reflective evaluations were measured via questionnaires. The results show that priming effect scores can detect automatic evaluations of running, and they differ not only because of the amounts of physical exercise but also because of their preferred type of exercise.
Based on a dual process approach, this study was conducted to test whether automatic affective processes toward exercise are not only interrelated with the amount of exercise but also distinctive for different types of exercise. In a quasi-experimental setting, N = 60 participants (30.87 years ± 7.53; 33% female) completed an Evaluative Priming task to assess automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers, mountain biking and exercise in general and completed a questionnaire about their exercise behavior and their reflective affective processes toward each type of exercise. The results showed that the automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers differed significantly among the three groups (d = 0.74). Those who regularly exercise in fitness centers (n = 21) provided the most positive automatic affective processes, followed by mountain bikers (n = 16) and those engaging in little or no exercise (n = 23). Automatic affective processes toward mountain biking were nonsignificant between groups (p = 0.30; d = 0.42). All reflective affective processes assessed via questionnaire resulted in significant differences between the three groups, always in favor of those who often perform the respective exercise. Our results show that automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers are distinctive for the preference for this type of exercise. Furthermore, they underline the importance of choosing an adequate measurement technique to assess automatic affective processes toward exercise, especially if these processes should be indicative for the preference of different types of exercise.
Gelingensbedingungen eines digitalen Sportangebots
Projektvorstellung
Hinweis der RedaktionEs ist vorgesehen, empirisch abgeleitete Erkenntnisse zu den innerhalb des Projekts erhobenen Daten zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in Forum Kinder-und Jugendsport zu veröffentlichen.
ZusammenfassungDie Covid-19-Pandemie führte während des zweiten Lockdowns zu einer Reduktion der körperlichen Aktivität der Kinder in Deutschland. Um den erschwerten Möglichkeiten, sich als Kind zu bewegen, etwas entgegenzusetzen, wurde ein digitales Sportangebot initiiert. Dieses nahm insbesondere die Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse in den Blick und richtete sich an Kinder im Grundschulalter. Weiterhin stand die Vermittlung von Freude an der Bewegung im Fokus. Fünf bis sechs Wochen nach Projektstart wurden acht Interviews mit Kindern (N = 8) im Alter von 7 bis 10 Jahren (M = 8,38, SD = 1,19) geführt. Ein Mädchen, das ebenfalls am Projekt teilgenommen hatte, fungierte als Interviewerin. Die Interviews fanden digital via Zoom statt. Mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden die Ergebnisse zunächst kategorisiert und anschließend mit der Software MAXQDA Analytics analysiert. Grundsätzlich zeigte sich in den Aussagen der Kinder, dass insbesondere das Autonomie- und Kompetenzerleben befriedigt werden konnte. Hinsichtlich der sozialen Eingebundenheit ergab sich ein diverseres Bild, welches nur bedingt auf eine Förderung durch das digitale Format schließen lässt. Ungeachtet dessen berichteten alle Kinder davon, dass ihnen das digital vermittelte Sporttreiben Freude bereitet hätte. Abschließend werden mögliche Synergieeffekte hinsichtlich der Verknüpfung analoger und digitaler Formate diskutiert.
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