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This article argues that education for transformative leadership in a southern African context needs to nurture an understanding of the relationship between spirituality and charisma. This argument is based on a review of some literature pertaining to transformative learning, transformative leadership and African value systems. The article explores the relationship between transformative leadership and transformative learning and education theories, and relates them to a specific southern African context. It proposes three arguments. First, transformative education may facilitate the transformative leadership development process. Second, transformative education and transformative leadership, although offering features that are sympathetic toAfrican indigenous values, must also take account of particular African contexts. The article does not claim to be reporting from empirical research on this issue but, to support its position, draws on recent literature from on ongoing southern Africa leadership development project and some early empirical data from a small, related study in one southern African country. Third, the article suggests that a key difference between transformative learning and transformative leadership perspectives is the transformative leadership focus on charismatic qualities that inspire motivation to change. However, a defining conceptual thread of spirituality runs through the transformative learning and leadership literature that resonates with southern African concept core value systems. It is this thread that provides the overall conceptual link between the different strands of thought. As president, he has managed not only to sustain his popularity among the black population he fought to liberate from white rule but to gain the respect and admiration of the white community which once reviled him. (Meredith 1997: 1-2) We live in a world of rapid change. The perception that a leader must essentially be a manager of productivity, efficiency, control and power is being overtaken. Advocates of new leadership models embrace social transformation and concerns with democracy and social justice. That is: 'Leadership that derives its social authority from the democratic realities it seeks to enhance, rather than from the authority of 2

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