Exposure to childhood adversity has been consistently associated with poor developmental outcomes, but it is unclear whether these associations vary across different forms of adversity. We examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between threat and deprivation with cognition, emotional processing, and psychopathology in a middle‐income country. The sample consisted of 2511 children and adolescents (6–17 years old) from the Brazilian High‐Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions. Parent reports on childhood adversity were used to construct adversity latent constructs. Psychopathology was measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to generate a measure of general psychopathology (the “p” factor). Executive function (EF) and attention orienting toward angry faces were assessed using cognitive tasks. All measures were acquired at two time‐points 3 years apart and associations were tested using general linear models. Higher levels of psychopathology were predicted by higher levels of threat cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, and by deprivation longitudinally. For EF, worse performance was associated only with deprivation at baseline and follow‐up. Finally, threat was associated with attention orienting towards angry faces cross‐sectionally, but neither form of adversity was associated with changes over time in attention bias. Our results suggest that threat and deprivation have differential associations with cognitive development and psychopathology. Exposure to adversity during childhood is a complex phenomenon with meaningful influences on child development. Because adversity can take many forms, dimensional models might help to disentangle the specific developmental correlates of different types of early experience. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEU0L8exyTM.

O artigo apresenta condições associadas a escores deficitários no Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) entre usuários de crack da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Estudo transversal, com amostragem de conveniência de 519 indivíduos, entrevistados em 2011. Escore deficitário no IHS ocorreu para 52,8% da amostra e não houve diferenças quanto a estar ou não em uso ativo de crack, ou quanto a estar ou não em atendimento. Apresentaram probabilidade aumentada de déficit no IHS os usuários de crack em pré-contemplação ou contemplação no University of Rhode Island Change Assessment - URICA (p = 0,031), com escores elevados no Inventário de Depressão de Beck - BDI (p = 0,037) os que viveram luto de filho (p = 0,001) e os que já assaltaram para obter o crack (p = 0,020). Com probabilidade diminuída estavam os que tinham escolaridade de 9 anos ou mais (p = 0,001), apoio social elevado (p < 0,001), resiliência elevada (p < 0,001), com histórico de ter perdido o contato com seus pais (p = 0,032), já tendo sido hospitalizado em função da droga (p = 0,009) e que relataram já ter mantido atividade sexual para obter a pedra (p = 0,009). Os achados têm utilidade clínica e mostram a importância do tema.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between exposure to physical and sexual violence, and suicidal ideation in Brazilian Schoolchildren, accounting for confounding variables of religious practice, and problems with alcohol and other drugs. Methods: This study consists of a cross-sectional analytical approach of a larger school-based study conducted in 2012 in two medium-sized municipalities in south of Brazil. Participants were 3,547 students aging 12 to 17 years old who answered an assembled questionnaire. Descriptive and Logistic Regression analyses were conducted with suicide ideation outcome testing prediction models stratified by sex. Results: Suicide ideation prevalence in the sample was of 21.7%, and regression analysis indicated that girls and boys exposed to physical or sexual violence had 3.42 and 3.14 times more probability of referring suicidal ideation in the past 30 days. Adjusted analyses showed little interference of religious practice, while problems with alcohol and other drugs seemed to also explain suicidal ideation in the sample. Conclusion: We highlight the importance of future longitudinal studies to investigate the mechanisms through which exposure to physical or sexual abuse influence suicidal ideation among boys and girls, as well as mediation studies that could enlighten the role of drug and alcohol use in this relationship. RESUMOObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a associação entre exposição à violência física e sexual e ideação suicida em escolares brasileiros, controlando para variáveis relacionadas a prática religiosa e problemas com álcool e outras drogas. Métodos: Este estudo consiste de um recorte transversal de um estudo maior realizado em 2012 em dois municípios de médio porte no sul do Brasil. No total, 3.547 alunos de 12 a 17 anos responderam a um questionário desenvolvido para o estudo em questão. Análises descritivas e de regressão logística foram conduzidas testando modelos preditores de ideação suicida estratrificados por sexo. Resultados: A prevalência de ideação suicida na amostra foi de 21,7% e a análise de regressão indicou que meninas e meninos expostos à violência física ou sexual tinham 3,42 e 3,14 vezes mais probabilidade de referir ideação suicida nos últimos 30 dias. As análises ajustadas mostraram pouca interferência da prática religiosa, enquanto problemas com álcool e outras Violence exposure and suicidal ideation drogas também parecem explicar ideação suicida na amostra. Conclusão: Destacamos a importância de futuros estudos longitudinais para investigar os mecanismos por meio dos quais a exposição ao abuso físico ou sexual influencia a ideação suicida em meninos e meninas, bem como estudos de mediação que possam esclarecer o papel do uso de drogas e álcool nessa relação. Palavras-chaveIdeação suicida, comportamento adolescente, abuso infantil.

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