The article urgues that absence of Gubarev's valve is the key factor of pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Authors suggest operative technique of the valve reconstruction in a posterior mediastinum for the patients with GERD, associated with cardiac hiatal hernia. The method did not cause complicatations in the form of postoperative dysphagia and recurrece of disease in the longterm periods.

The purpose of the study is a search of operative access to the kidney with less surgical trauma and associated complications. Specific research tasks included experiment on the dead bodies of people to develop operative access to the kidney without the transversal section of muscles and damage of intercostal and lumbar vessels and nerves. The research also studied the parameters of access using the Sozon-Yaroshevich method (1954) to estimate his appropriateness in surgical practice. Operative access to the kidney with the longitudinal section of latissimus dorsi muscle and the XII rib is anatomically justified and possesses parameters which are sufficient for the successful conducting of operations on a kidney and upper departments of the urine excretion system. The suggested operative access to the kidney eliminates the damage of intercostal and lumbar muscles, vessels and nerves. Application of this operative access method to the kidney in treatment of urology patients decreases time of their treatment and eliminates relaxation of abdominal muscles and development of postoperative lumbar hernia.