Abstract. Drought events and their impacts vary spatially and temporally due to diverse pedo-climatic and hydrologic conditions, as well as variations in exposure and vulnerability, such as demographics and response actions. While hazard severity and frequency of past drought events have been studied in detail, little is known about the effect of drought management strategies on the actual impacts and how the hazard is perceived by relevant stakeholders. In a continental study, we characterised and assessed the impacts and the perceptions of two recent drought events (2018 and 2019) in Europe and examined the relationship between management strategies and drought perception, hazard, and impact. The study was based on a pan-European survey involving national representatives from 28 countries and relevant stakeholders responding to a standard questionnaire. The survey focused on collecting information on stakeholders' perceptions of drought, impacts on water resources and beyond, water availability, and current drought management strategies on national and regional scales. The survey results were compared with the actual drought hazard information registered by the European Drought Observatory (EDO) for 2018 and 2019. The results highlighted high diversity in drought perception across different countries and in values of the implemented drought management strategies to alleviate impacts by increasing national and sub-national awareness and resilience. The study identifies an urgent need to further reduce drought impacts by constructing and implementing a European macro-level drought governance approach, such as a directive, which would strengthen national drought management and mitigate damage to human and natural assets.

Abstract. Drought events and their impacts vary spatially and temporally due to diverse pedo-climatic and hydrologic conditions, as well as variations in exposure and vulnerability, such as demographics and response actions. While hazardous severity and frequency of past drought events have been studied in detail, little is known about the effect of drought management strategies on the actual impacts, and how the hazard is perceived by relevant stakeholders for inducing action. In a continental study, we characterised and assessed the impacts and the perceptions of two recent drought events (2018 and 2019) in Europe and examined the relationship between management strategies and drought perception, hazard and impacts. The study was based on a pan-European survey involving national representatives from 28 countries and relevant stakeholders responding to a standard questionnaire. The survey focused on collecting information on stakeholders’ perceptions of drought, impacts on water resources and beyond, water availability and current drought management strategies at national and regional scales. The survey results were compared with the actual drought hazard information registered by the European Drought Observatory (EDO) for 2018 and 2019. The results highlighted high diversity in drought perceptions across different countries and in values of implemented drought management strategies to alleviate impacts by increasing national and sub-national awareness and resilience. The study concludes with an urgent need to further reduce drought impacts by constructing and implementing a European macro-level drought governance approach, such as a directive, which would strengthen national drought management and lessen harm to human and natural potentials.

La inclusión financiera tiene el potencial de contribuir de manera importante a reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad. Sin embargo, existen todavía más de 1,7 billones de personas en el mundo sin acceso a servicios financieros. Desde finales de los años 90, una de las soluciones más populares que se han planteado para mejorar la inclusión financiera de los segmentos más vulnerables son las microfinanzas. Actualmente, las microfinanzas siguen siendo una actividad en crecimiento con más de 139 millones de perceptores de microcréditos en 2018. En el contexto de la Agenda 2030, la inclusión financiera está recogida de manera tanto explícita como implícita en muchas de las metas. Sin embargo, todavía no se han establecido estándares ni metodologías de medición comunes en este contexto con una perspectiva ODS. Este artículo aborda, a través de una metodología novedosa, la medición de la contribución a los ODS de una entidad de microfinanzas en el contexto iberoamericano: Banco Solidario, en Ecuador. El estudio de caso se ha desarrollado en el marco del proyecto “Cuarto sector”, liderado por la Secretaría General Iberoamericana (SEGIB) y el Programa de Desarrollo de Naciones Unidas para América Latina (PNUD)

<p>Droughts affect all the socio-economic sectors and can have negative impacts on the environment. They are expected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change, which makes their effective management a policy priority. Drought Management Plans (DMPs) are considered to be a key instrument to deal with drought in a proactive way, as they establish a framework for coordinated action when drought sets in. The development of DMPs is still incipient worldwide and the evaluation of their quality and performance is still very limited. In Spain, DMPs at river basin level were first approved in 2007. Following the legal obligation set in the Spanish law, those DMPs were revised after 10 years and a new version was approved in 2018. In order to analyze the adequacy, pertinence and utility of those plans, we developed a protocol based on content analysis for evaluating the DMPs of the eight river basins that are managed by the Spanish Central Government. We set the evaluation criteria using official guidelines and scientific literature on drought preparedness and we compared the first and the second round of DMPs to identify the main improvements, gaps and challenges. The comparison was both qualitative and quantitative, through the establishment of quality criteria/indicators.</p><p>The analysis showed that the scope and content of the DMPs is more homogeneous and consistent in 2018 than in 2007. Some aspects have clearly improved between the two planning periods, like the distinction between drought and water scarcity, the definition of indices to trigger different levels of drought alert and the inclusion of measures for drought management and coordination. Other issues still need further improvements, especially those related to the analysis of drought impacts, the assessment of vulnerability and the ex-post evaluation of DPM performance.</p><p>The DMPs developed for the Júcar and Segura river basins, both located in the Mediterranean region and prone to severe droughts, received the highest score according to our assessment criteria. All the DMPs show some improvements between 2007 and 2018, but the largest increase corresponds to the Duero river basin while the least is for the Júcar.</p>

Metodología para el monitoreo y evaluación de buenas prácticas en agricultura para la adaptación al cambio climático y la gestión integral del riesgo de desastres Con participación de: Con apoyo de:Con participación de: Con apoyo de:Metodología para el monitoreo y evaluación de buenas prácticas en agricultura para la adaptación al cambio climático y la gestión integral del riesgo de desastres