Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) are two powerful methods to study psychological processes that have become increasingly popular in the last two decades. Though each method is valuable in its own right, their complementary strengths have the potential to further advance our understanding of typical and atypical human behavior. Despite the increase in the number of studies that combine these methods over the last decade, there are no existing recommendations for best practices or norms for conducting and reporting the findings from these types of studies. To address the absence of such standards in the field, we conducted a systematic review of papers that combine these methods. A systematic search of peer-reviewed papers using Google Scholar resulted in a pool of 11,558 articles. Inclusion criteria were 1) data-based study in which 2) participants completed (a) Structural or functional MRI and (b) an EMA protocol that included self-report. Seventy-one papers met inclusion criteria. The following review compares these studies based on several key parameters (e.g., population age and type, type of MRI scans and EMA assessments, sample size) with the aim of determining feasibility and current standards for design and reporting in the field. The review concludes with recommendations for future research guidelines. A special focus is given to the ways in which the two methods are combined on an analytical level and suggestions for novel computational methods that could further advance the field.

Objective: Disordered eating cognitions and behaviours in childhood and adolescence have been identified as precursors for the development of eating disorders. Another important contributor to eating disorder risk is maladaptive emotion regulation. However, while the regulation of negative affect has been the focus of much research, the literature on the role of positive emotion regulation in eating pathology is extremely limited. The present study extends previous research by examining the regulation of both positive and negative affect in disordered eating using two waves of a daily diary design. Method: Every evening for 21 days, 139 youths (8-15 years) reported their use of rumination, dampening, and disordered eating cognitions and behaviours.1 year later, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 115 of these youths were followed-up. Results:As predicted, higher levels of rumination and dampening were found to be associated with a higher frequency of weight concerns and restrictive eating on person-level (both Waves) and day-level (Wave 2). Further, a higher frequency of rumination at Wave 1 predicted increases in the frequency of restrictive eating 1 year later. Conclusions:Our findings underline the importance of examining regulation of both positive and negative emotion in order to understand eating disorder risk.

Disordered eating cognitions and behaviors in childhood and adolescence have been identified as precursors for the development of eating disorders. Another important contributor to eating disorder risk is maladaptive emotion regulation. However, while the regulation of negative affect has been the focus of much research, the literature on the role of positive emotion regulation in eating pathology is extremely limited. The present study extends previous research by examining the regulation of both positive and negative affect in disordered eating using two waves of a daily diary design. Every evening for 21 days, 139 youths (8-15 years) reported their use of rumination, dampening, and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. One year later, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 115 of these youths were followed-up. As predicted, higher levels of rumination and dampening were found to be associated with a higher frequency of weight concerns and restrictive eating behaviors on person-level (both Waves) and day-level (Wave 2). Further, a higher frequency of rumination at Wave 1 predicted increases in the frequency of restrictive eating behaviors one year later. Our findings underline the importance of examining regulation of both positive and negative emotion in order to understand eating disorder risk.

IntroductionMany children experience weight‐based bullying (WB), when individuals are treated poorly or demeaned because of weight. WB has negative mental and physical health consequences. The current study examined how children's experiences of different forms of WB (verbal, social, physical, cyber) were associated with impaired functioning in school, social life, and family life.MethodsData were collected in Spring 2021. Participants (N = 224) were parents of a school‐aged child and lived in the United States. Sixty percent of parents were mothers and 72% of parents self‐identified as White. They completed surveys regarding weight, eating, and bullying.ResultsSocial and cyber WB were associated with clinically significant impairment for both children and parents. Children who experienced social and physical WB were more likely to skip school, whereas physical and cyber WB were associated with skipping a particular class. All forms of bullying were associated with skipping gym class. Social and cyber WB were associated with isolating. Cyber WB was associated with all disordered eating behaviors. In addition, physical WB was associated with binge eating, social WB was associated with purging, and verbal WB was associated with secretive eating.DiscussionVictims of WB experience impairment in school, social life, and family life, absenteeism, and disordered eating. It is essential to develop approaches to address WB in its various forms to identify strategies for reducing and preventing WB across various levels of influence, including peer groups, schools, and families.