Alicyclobacillus sp. are acidothermophilic bacteria frequently contaminating fruit based products (juices and juice concentrates). These sporulating bacteria are able to survive at elevated temperatures and highly acidic environments which causes difficulties in their removal from industrial environments. Although numerous literature data examine Alicyclobacillus sp. presence in fruit based products and methods of their elimination, there is still a limited knowledge on ability of these bacteria to adhere to abiotic surfaces. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine Alicyclobacillus sp. cells' hydrophobicity and capability of biofilm formation on a glass surface. The degree of cells hydrophobicity, according to Microbial Adhesion to Hydrocarbon (MATH) and Salt Aggregation Test (SAT), was investigated for eleven environmental isolates from natural Polish habitats, identified as Alicyclobacillus sp., and a Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM 3922 reference strain. The dynamics of biofilm formation within 3-day incubation on a glass surface was evaluated and quantified by a plate count method both, for cultures with and without agitation. All of the bacterial strains tested expressed ability to colonize a glass surface and four environmental isolates were classified as fast-adherent strains. The mature biofilm structures were predominantly formed after 48 hours of incubation. Dynamic culturing conditions were observed to accelerate the biofilm formation. The majority of strains expressed a moderate hydrophobicity level both, in SAT (41.7%) and MATH-PBS (75.0%), as well as MATH-PUM (91.7%) tests. However, no correlation between hydrophobicity and cell adherence to a glass slide surface was observed.

A series of fatty acid amides derived from (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid and 4 cyclic and acyclic amines were synthesized in a proecological solvent‐free process with yields ranging from 43 to 88%. All S‐configured compounds and both enantiomers of amide with 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol were obtained and studied in terms of biological activity for the first time. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid derivatives against 13 different microorganisms representing Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, yeast, and molds showed significant inhibitory activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, especially Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, and against selected molds. Ethanolamine‐ and pyrrolidine‐derived amides showed the most promising antibacterial and antimold potential. Derivatives from ricinoleic acid and pyrrolidine were the most active against both selected molds, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Penicillium expansum. Moreover, the R‐configured analog was the most potent against B. subtilis. The amides of ricinoleic acid with ethanolamine exhibited significant potential to Staphylococcus aureus, which distinguished them from the rest of tested derivatives to which this bacterium was very resistant.

Cosmetics may be the source of microorganisms, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Apart from the secondary contamination in the course of usage, microbial contamination may take also place during the production processes. Microorganisms may be introduced withraw materials and also from the production line due to itsimproper disinfection and cross-contaminations. Those irregularities may lead to biodeterioration of products, revealing a change of pH, color, smell, consistency, viscosity, phase separation Pseudomonas sp. is a group of Gram-negative bacteria, frequently causing nosocomial infections of patients

The inconvenient environmental conditions force microorganisms to colonize either abiotic surfaces or animal and plant tissues and, therefore, form more resistant structures – biofilms. The phenomenon of microbial adherence, opportunistic pathogens in particular, is of a great concern. Colonization of medical devices and biofilm formation on their surface, may lead to severe infections mainly in humans with impaired immune system. Although, current research consider various methods for prevention of microbial biofilms formation, still, once a biofilm is formed, its elimination is almost impossible. This study focuses on the overview of novel methods applied for eradication of mature opportunistic pathogens' biofilms. Among various techniques the following: cold plasma, electric field, ultrasounds, ozonated water treatment, phagotherapy, matrix targeting enzymes, bacteriocins, synthetic chemicals and natural origin compounds used for biofilm matrix disruption were briefly described.

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