AIDS is a severe immunodeficiency disease caused by HIV. Identification of new HIV infection in a population is required for the evaluation of intervention strategy of HIV-1 transmission. The avidity assay has been promoted for HIV-1 detection. Avidity assay is based on affinity strength of the epitopes of the HIV antigen against its specific corresponding antibodies. The binding of the antigen - the antibody formed in the initial phase of infection is relatively weak and easy to break with chaotropic reagents. In contrary, the antigen-antibody binding formation in long-term infection is strong and not easily broken by addition of chaotropic reagents. Commercial avidity assays are available, however the antigens used might not be compatible with the circulating HIV strains in Indonesia. AbstractThis research aimed to identify the most appropriate antigen candidate for avidity assay, three structural proteins from HIV were used i.e., p24, IDR-gp41 and ID2-Pol employed from the HIV strains circulating in Indonesia. The avidity assay was performed based on ELISA with pH 3 sodium citrate as chaotropic reagent. Serum samples was previously determined as positive and negative reactive by the Indonesian Red Cross. Each sample was tested in triplicates. The results of the avidity index were compared with the corresponding pattern of reactivity shown by Western Blotting. Comparative analysis of the avidity index using the IDR-Gp41 antigen showed correlation with increased value of avidity index with the completeness of the Western Blot reactivity pattern. This finding is not true in antigen ID2-Pol, and p24. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that IDR-Gp41 antigen has potential to be used in HIV avidity assay that is based on circulating strains of HIV in Indonesia. AbstrakAIDS merupakan penyakit imunodefisiensi berat yang disebabkan oleh HIV. Penentuan infeksi baru HIV-1 pada level populasi diperlukan guna evaluasi strategi intervensi pencegahan penularan HIV-1. Uji aviditas telah diajukan sebagai salah satu uji deteksi HIV-1. Prinsip uji aviditas adalah kekuatan afinitas epitope antigen HIV terhadap antibodi spesifik yang mengenali epitop tersebut. Ikatan antigen-antibodi yang terbentuk pada fase awal infeksi merupakan ikatan yang lemah dan mudah diputuskan dengan pemberian reagensia chaotropic. Pada fase infeksi lama, ikatan antigen-antibodi yang terbentuk merupakan ikatan yang kuat sehingga tidak mudah diputuskan oleh pemberian reagensia chaotropic. Uji aviditas komersial telah tersedia namun antigen yang digunakan belum tentu sesuai dengan galur HIV yang beredar di Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 3 kandidat antigen yaitu p24, IDR-gp41 dan ID2-Pol dari galur HIV yang beredar di Indonesia, untuk menentukan kandidat yang sesuai. Uji aviditas dilakukan dengan prinsip ELISA dengan sodium sitrat pH 3 sebagai reagensia chaotropic. Sampel yang diujikan adalah sampel serum yang telah ditentukan reaktivitasnya sebagai positif dan negatif oleh Palang Merah Indonesia. Sampel diuji secara triplikat. Hasil indeks aviditas sampel dibandingkan dengan pola reaktivitasnya pada uji Western Blot. Analisis perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan nilai indeks aviditas yang menggunakan antigen IDR-Gp41 berkorelasi dengan kelengkapan pola reaktivitas uji Western Blot. Hal ini tidak ditemukan pada pengujian menggunakan antigen IDR-Pol2, dan p24. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa antigen IDR-Gp41 berpotensi untuk digunakan lebih lanjut dalam pengembangan uji aviditas HIV berbasis galur HIV yang beredar di Indonesia.
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