In order to determine their effects on growth and mortality of instar II Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller), larvae were fed with leaf disks taken from shoots of susceptible species (Cedrela odorata L. and Swietenia macrophylla King) scions grafted onto resistant ones (Khaya senegalensis Desr. A. Juss and Toona ciliata M. Roem.), from their reciprocal grafts, and from both intact and autografted plants. In addition, crude leaf extracts from the susceptible and resistant plants, as well as from C. odorata grafted onto T. ciliata plants, were tested on C. odorata leaf disks. Mortality was evaluated 2, 10, and 25 days after starting the bioassay. Leaf area consumed and weight gain per larva were assessed 2 days after starting bioassay. Time to reach pupation, pupal weight and length 1 day after pupation, and time to adult stage and appearance of wings were determined at the end of the bioassay. Plant species significantly affected mortality (P B 0.04) throughout the test. Eighty to 100% of larvae fed leaf disks from intact T. ciliata and its autograft, or C. odorata onto T. ciliata and its reciprocal graft died in the first 2 days of evaluation. All other factors measured, except pupal weight and length, were also affected (P B 0.01) by the leaf disks. Intact resistant plants and reciprocal grafted plants reduced leaf consumption and caused larval weight loss. Larvae fed on K. senegalensis grafted onto S. macrophylla extended by 8 days the time to pupa and to adult stages and induced abnormal wing formation compared to larvae fed intact leaves of C. odorata. Crude extracts from resistant plants equally affected larval survival and performance compared to crude extract from C. odorata grafted onto T. ciliata plants, and these extracts were more detrimental to larvae than those from susceptible species. This study demonstrated that grafting borer-susceptible species on resistant rootstocks can affect the survival and performance of instar II H. grandella larvae.
-The susceptible species Cedrela odorata and Swietenia macrophylla to attack by Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) larvae were grafted onto the resistant species Khaya senegalensis and Toona ciliata. Six-month-old grafted plants were then compared to their reciprocal grafts and to both intact (non-grafted) and autografted plants for damage due to H. grandella larvae and for their effects on larval performance. Two experiments were conducted: one in which the apical bud of the main plant shoot was inoculated with H. grandella eggs, and the other in which the bud was inoculated with third instars. Damage in each experiment was assessed by the number of frass piles, number and length of tunnels, number of damaged leaves, and damage to the apical bud. Larval performance was evaluated in terms of time to reach pupation and pupal weight and length. In both experiments, plant damage differed signifi cantly among treatments (P ≤ 0.03). Resistant rootstocks conferred resistance to susceptible scions. In both experiments, grafting by itself, regardless of the rootstock and scion combination, also reduced damage caused by H. grandella larvae. Scions of autografted susceptible species had similar resistance to susceptible scions grafted on resistant rootstocks. Few larvae reached pupation, and their pupal weight and length were similar.
La gestión del conocimiento es un concepto que se originó y aplicó con frecuencia en el ámbito empresarial, asociado al estímulo de la creatividad e ideas innovadoras para incrementar la competitividad. Sin embargo, es posible utilizar sus ideas rectoras en otros ámbitos, donde también es relevante la creatividad y la innovación, la generación de nuevos conocimientos y la aplicación de métodos para explicitarlos y gestionarlos en las organizaciones educativas. El presente trabajo presenta la propuesta pedagógica de una asignatura universitaria y se indaga sobre la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre el proceso formativo desarrollado en ella, en particular si creen que se ha promovido la innovación y la generación de conocimientos en vistas a su futura contribución a la sociedad. El relevamiento se ha realizado a través de una encuesta aplicada al finalizar el ciclo lectivo. Administración II es una asignatura ubicada al final de Ciclo Básico de la Facultad, que tiene una duración de 2 años. Recibe en promedio 800 estudiantes cada año, pertenecientes a todas las carreras que se dictan. La propuesta se basa en el diseño e implementación de dinámicas de simulación para analizar el ambiente de una organización, juegos de rol para interpretar lo que hace un gerente, resolución de problemas relacionados con los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), simulación del funcionamiento de una industria para trabajar el impacto de la responsabilidad social empresaria, discusión en pequeños grupos para analizar la toma de decisiones en contexto de certeza, riesgo o incertidumbre, aplicación de técnicas de creatividad como matrices combinatorias para desarrollar nuevas ideas, entre otras. Para poder evaluar de manera integral la propuesta de cátedra es relevante conocer las opiniones de los protagonistas, los estudiantes, quienes pueden brindar retroalimentación relevante para conocer las transformaciones y experiencias vividas. La percepción de los estudiantes acerca de su proceso formativo es diferente para Administración II respecto a las otras materias cursadas. Se han sentido más motivados a ser creativos, tanto por estímulo del docente, por las actividades desarrolladas dentro y fuera del aula y por el tipo de trabajos y presentaciones solicitadas. Asimismo, se han utilizado herramientas y métodos que fueron considerados originales respecto a experiencias anteriores. Esto resulta relevante si consideramos que la mayoría de los estudiantes cree que clases creativas favorecerían su aprendizaje y que lo aprendido los ayudará a ser innovadores en su trabajo, actual o futuro
.The technological level and management of the plantations was very different among farms. The yield and quality of the production could be improved through improved handling of weeds, watering and drainage. Plant diseases and pests are not restricting growth at this time. Currently, only 11% of the production is marketed, which means that a national and international market needs to be developed. In addition, it was found that the infrastructure for watering, production and postharvest is insufficient to develop the activity for the export market.
La existencia de diatomita en la zona de R'o Seco (Piura, Peroe), ha llevado a los autores a realizar un estudio de sus propiedades f'sicas, qu'micas y mineral-gicas, con el objeto de determinar sus principales usos y aplicaciones. Para ello se han utilizado las tŽcnicas de an ‡lisis convencional, as' como microscop'a-ptica y electr-nica, difracci-n de rayos X y an ‡lisis tŽrmico diferencial y gravimŽtrico. Trat ‡ndose de un material de calidad media, por los contenidos en s'lice y aloemina que presenta, su aplicaci-n quedar'a restringida a la fabricaci-n de materiales puzol ‡nicos y cer ‡micos para la construcci-n.
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