The endocrine disruptors are chemicals substances, synthetic or natural, which can interfere in endocrine system from humans and animals. They belong to the class of micro pollutants, because even at concentrations of µg e ng.L-1 can cause adverse effects to organisms to them exposed. The hormones stand out as endocrine disruptors because they are potentially active compounds in biological systems and are related to the origin of several types of cancers. This work aimed to develop and validate analytical methodology to determine hormones, considered endocrine disruptors, in drinking water and raw water at region of Paraíba do Sul River, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector. The population served by the units of SABESP is around 11 million inhabitants. By the validation process, the developed methodology can be considered selective, robust, accurate and linear for the proposed analysis. Applying the validated analytical procedure for the samples, some compounds could be detected at drinking water and raw water remaining below limit of quantization, except caffeine that was detected in mean concentration of 0,45 µg.L-1 in raw water and 0,17 µg.L-1 in drinking water, principally due to drought season. This Project is linked to a partnership between

Studies assessing the presence of endocrine disruptors compounds (EDCs) in surface water for public supply of major metropolis increase every year due to the effects that these substances can cause to human and wildlife even in concentrations of ng L-1. The present study determined 14 organic compounds, including endocrine disruptors and anthropogenic markers in surface water and sediment samples from Guarapiranga dam, one of the largest reservoirs that supply the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study indicated the presence of these compounds at maximum concentration ranging from 1061 ng L-1 and 12921 ng L-1 (of bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate, respectively) for EDCs and 114 ng L-1 and 12818 ng L-1 (for cholestanol and cholesterol, respectively) for tracers of human activity. In sediment, maximum concentration ranged from 3 ng g-1 to 872 ng g-1 (for estradiol and nonylphenol, respectively). The highest concentrations were observed at the sampling point G103-12 (23º41'88.5 "S and 46º44'67.3" W), which is associated to the dense urbanization near to this point. Although, to the most of compounds studied there is no concentration limits established for surface and supply water and sediment, it is very important that more studies should be conducted to ascertain the actual risk to the health of the population served by these waters. The assessment of water quality for the presence of emerging compounds in reservoirs is considered one of the main instruments to guide the managers decision making and provide subsidies for review of the regulation. v SUMÁRIO Página 12 FIGURA 4. Mapa com a divisão das regiões abastecidas por cada sistema produtor de água da RMSP.

Recebido em 11/10/11; aceito em 6/2/12; publicado na web em 15/5/12 DETERMINATION OF PLASTICIZERS IN DRINKING WATER USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. This study investigated the levels of plasticizer endocrine disruptors (diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and bisphenol A) in drinking water at Paraíba do Sul River region and release of these compounds from bottled water. An analytical method employing solid phase extraction and GC/MS was optimized and validated. The results showed that the method is selective, linear (r² > 0.99), precise (RSD <12%), accurate (recoveries between 62 and 105%), sensitive and robust. Applying the method, the presence of all studied pollutants in drinking water was observed for the three sampled plasticizers. These plasticizers were not found in mineral bottled water, before or after storage.Keywords: endocrine disruptors; method validation; mineral bottled water. INTRODUÇÃOPlastificantes são compostos orgânicos adicionados a materiais poliméricos, com intuito de facilitar a produção e aumentar a flexibilidade e a resistência do produto final. Dentre as famílias dos plastificantes, os ésteres de ácido ftálico, comumente denominados de ftalatos, são os mais utilizados.1 O dietilftalato (DEP) e o dibutilftalato (DBP) são ftalatos de baixa massa molecular e podem ser encontrados em medicamentos, perfumes, esmaltes, xampus e loções, além de fazerem parte da constituição de tintas para impressoras e adesivos. 2O bisfenol A (BPA) é um monômero, cuja produção é destinada principalmente à fabricação do plástico policarbonato e à síntese de resinas epóxi, sendo estas empregadas em revestimentos de latas para bebidas e alimentos, embalagens para fármacos, adesivos e selantes dentários. Os policarbonatos podem ser encontrados em produtos eletroeletrônicos, equipamentos automotivos, embalagens para alimentos, garrafas plásticas para água e mamadeiras. 3,4 Atenção especial tem sido destinada a estes compostos, nos úl-timos anos, pelo potencial que possuem de interferir negativamente no sistema hormonal de animais e de seres humanos, pertencendo aos disruptores endócrinos, 3,5 substâncias exógenas que alteram as funções do sistema endócrino e causam efeitos adversos na saúde, no crescimento e na reprodução do organismo, sua descendência ou de (sub)populações mesmo em concentrações reduzidas, na ordem de µg e ng por litro. 6,7 Ftalatos e bisfenol A são considerados importantes poluentes ambientais pelo uso generalizado e ampla aplicação, 8,9 sendo investigados por diversos autores em amostras biológicas, 10-12 ambientais 13-15 e de alimentos.3,16 A presença desses compostos com ação estrogênica na água potável pode ocorrer pela contaminação dos mananciais por descarga de efluentes in natura ou tratados, uma vez que o tratamento convencional de água e esgoto não é capaz de remover com eficiência esses poluentes orgânicos, 7,17 assim como durante o armazenamento ou distribuição da água à população.18 Já a migração dessas substân-cias químicas de garrafas plásticas é a principal fonte...

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The growth of two species of macrophytes (Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata) under the effect of a mixture of amoxicillin, caffeine, carbamazepine, dipyrone, ibuprofen, losartan, omeprazole and tenivastatin was investigated by bioassay. Three concentration levels were utilized in this study (10, 200 and 500 µg L -1 ) using a growth inhibition test based on the OECD 221/2006 guidelines. The frond number, total area, and chlorophyll a level were selected as suitable end points. For L. minor, at all concentrations, a significant difference in the total frond number was observed and the growth inhibition varied from 30% and 70% at the low and high concentrations, respectively. No significant growth change was observed to S. auriculata exposed to the mixture of drugs. Thus, individual drug tests were performed for L. minor which demonstrated stimulation in growth, when exposed to most drugs individually, except tenivastatin which was identified as the drug responsible for the significant growth inhibition seen in the mixture. The L. minor enhanced growth was probably caused by N molecule transformation to ammonium and nitrate, essential nutrients for plants.