The aim of this study was to compare the biopharmaceutical characteristics and irritation potentials of microemulsions (MEs) and conventional systems (CSs) containing oil from Syagrus cearensis for topical delivery of Amphotericin B (AmB). Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using a water titration method to develop the MEs, and the CSs were prepared according to the classical technique of phase inversion. In the skin permeation and retention study, dermatomed pig skin without stratum corneum was used as an alternative disturbed skin model. The irritation potential was evaluated using three different methods, chorioallantoic membrane assays (HET-CAM and CAM-TBS), and bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test. The optimized formulation (ME1) consisting of 0.1% (w/w) Amphotericin B, 9.1% (w/w) catolé oil, 81% (w/w) Smix (1:1, Tween 20 and Kolliphor EL) possessed droplet size of 31.02 ± 0.9 nm, zeta potential of -23.4 mV, and viscosity 0.63 ± 0.1 Pa.s. ME1 exhibited greater retention of AmB in to skin layers (84.79 ± 2.08 μg cm) than all the others formulations. In general, MEs showed higher drug release and retention than CSs and all of the formulations showed greater retentivity than permeability. Only MEs developed using Labrasol/Plurol Oleique (L/PO) as the surfactant and co-surfactant exhibited a moderate irritation potential; all other MEs and CSs were classified as non-irritants or slight irritants. The results indicate that formulations containing oil from S. cearensis are promising alternatives for the delivery of AmB targeting the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
As verrugas genitais são lesões epiteliais induzidas pelo Papillomavirus Humano (HPV). Atualmente, as técnicas utilizadas para tratamento dessas lesões são dolorosas e as recidivas costumam acontecer em um curto espaço de tempo. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado a eficácia do cidofovir no tratamento de HPV entre outras infecções virais. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é fazer uma abordagem sobre o fármaco e a sua utilização clínica no tratamento de HPV, apresentando a forma farmacêutica, posologia, reações adversas e dados sobre sua eficácia. Os resultados da pesquisa bibliográfica mostram que o uso intralesional e epidérmico do cidofovir em formulações extemporâneas tem se mostrado eficaz no manejo dos condilomas. A utilização tópica do cidofovir se apresenta, portanto, como uma alternativa clínica aos tratamentos convencionais, minimizando os efeitos colaterais locais e evitando a ocorrência de efeitos adversos sistêmicos. Diante disso, faz-se necessária a padronização de uma formulação tópica através de estudos de pré-formulação e demais ensaios clínicos visando a obtenção de uma preparação estável, segura e eficaz para tratamento das lesões associadas ao HPV.
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