Lettuce consumption has increased worldwide due to the recognition of its nutritional value and to the consumers' search for healthier foods. Increased consumption must be coupled with more efficient production, demanding more nutrients. However, the utilization of chemical inputs in horticulture is decreasing, and biological approaches, such as the inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), are becoming more popular. Species of Bacillus have long been known promote the growth of plants, including lettuce, in agricultural soils, but little is known about their potential under Brazilian conditions. We have tested the ability of B. subtilis, B. pumilus, and B. amyloliquefaciens, carried in single or combined pre-commercial inoculants, to act as PGPB for field-grown lettuce plants of cultivar Elisa. In our experiments, the PGPB were challenged to promote plant growth when the recommended dose of nitrogen (N) fertilizer was reduced by 50%. Our results demonstrated that all species, either alone or combined, were able to improve plant vigor, the number of leaves, and the average diameter and weight of the lettuce heads, under the test conditions. Average gains in plant vigor and head weight due to all species were of the order of 50% relative to the control (no N fertilizer) treatment and, in most cases, gains due to the presence of the bacteria were superior to those promoted by the full (100%) N fertilization. This is the first report of positive utilization of pre-commercial products containing Bacillus for lettuce growth in Brazil.
A cultura da soja, apresenta com frequência limitações de produtividade, muitas das quais são oriundas de problemas nutricionais, sobretudo pelo fornecimento insuficiente de N. Umas das maneiras para sobrepujar esse problema é por meio de co-inoculação com bactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (BPCP), de modo a potencializar a FBN e facilitar a aquisição de N e de outros nutrientes no solo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da co-inoculação, entre B. japonicum e BPCP’s, na produtividade, na nodulação e nos componentes de rendimento da cultura da soja. Foram realizados quatro experimentos na safra 2017/18, os ensaios foram realizados em DBC no esquema fatorial 4 x 12, sendo: quatro (4) locais (Guarapuava/PR, Lapa/PR, Santa Maria do Oeste/PR e Sertão/RS) e 12 tratamentos (uso de BPCP’s associadas com a inoculação padrão). Foi avaliada a produtividade, a nodulação e os componentes de rendimento da cultura da soja. Os resultados obtidos, ainda que positivos na sua maioria, foram variáveis em função de cada local, a variabilidade dos resultados pode ser diminuída por meio do uso de consórcios bacterianos. As BPCP’s proporcionaram incrementos na massa e no número de nódulos, massa de mil grãos, número de grãos por planta, e essas características estão diretamente relacionadas com a produtividade da cultura. Foi observado que as BPCP’s, em co-inoculação com o B. japonicum, sobretudo do gênero Bacillus, propiciaram incrementos de produtividade na cultura da soja, logo se mostraram como importante alternativa para serem utilizadas em co-inoculação com B. japonicum na cultura da soja.
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