The different aspects that contribute to quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus, such as mood, are of great importance for the treatment of this disease. These aspects not only influence the well-being of patients but also influence treatment adherence, therefore affecting the course of the disease. A panel of experts from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay performed a review of the main aspects affecting quality of life in patients with diabetes: physical activity, mood disorders, and sexual activity. The consensus of the panel was that physical activity is important in the treatment of patients with diabetes because it reduces morbidity, mortality, and disease complications, and it should be performed on a regular basis, bearing in mind the patient's characteristics. Increased physical activity is associated with better glycemic control, and in individuals with glucose intolerance, it delays progression toward diabetes. In patients with diabetes, there is a high prevalence of depression, which can influence treatment adherence. Therefore, early detection of depression is essential to improve the course of diabetes. Regarding sexual activity, erectile dysfunction may be a significant sign in the case of suspected diabetes and the early diagnosis of vasculopathy in patients with diabetes. In conclusion, greater emphasis should be placed on improving patient knowledge, early detection, and multidisciplinary approaches to deal with the aspects of diabetes that affect patients' quality of life.
La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) es una enfermedad del hígado que no se asocia con el alcohol. Su prevalencia aumenta junto con la epidemia de obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 (DM2), y el riesgo de sufrir una enfermedad hepática más agresiva es mayor con el consiguiente aumento de la cirrosis, el carcinoma hepatocelular y la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). La acumulación ectópica de grasa se asocia a dietas hipergrasas y de alta densidad energética, a la hiperglucemia y la insulinorresistencia que condicen a la supresión de la producción hepática de glucosa y la disminución de la captación de glucosa por el músculo esquelético lo cual promueve la lipogénesis de novo y genera un círculo vicioso que favorece aún más la esteatosis.
La incidencia de complicaciones informadas luego de la cirugía bariátrica (CB) ha ido en aumento en relación con la epidemia de obesidad y el mayor número de procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados a nivel mundial. Entre las complicaciones, la hipoglucemia hiperinsulinémica postprandial (HHP) adquirió relevancia, aunque es una de las menos conocidas y comprendidas de la cirugía bariátrica (CB), frecuentemente inadvertida y por lo tanto subdiagnosticada. Se distingue de la hipoglucemia de ayuno en que su presentación es típicamente posterior a la ingesta, asociada a valores de hipoglucemia precedidos por hiperglucemia e hiperinsulinemia en sangre. Se caracteriza por el incremento de la variabilidad de la glucemia, con absorción acelerada, aumento y caída rápida de azúcar en sangre, por lo que comprende valores de hiper e hipoglucemia. Debe sospecharse cuando se detectan síntomas adrenérgicos o de neuroglucopenia postprandiales luego de la CB1.Ha sido considerada más frecuente luego del bypass gástrico en-Y-Roux (BGYR), pero también fue descripta asociada a otras técnicas quirúrgicas, como la derivación biliopancreática/switch duodenal (DBP/SD)2 y la gastrectomía vertical en manga (GVM), y de otras intervenciones que comprometen el píloro o el vaciamiento gástrico3. No se observó luego de la cirugía con banda gástrica ajustable, un procedimiento que no altera la anatomía gastrointestinal4-5.
El incremento de la obesidad en el mundo, a edades más tempranas, ha tenido un impacto negativo especialmente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Se ve afectada tanto la fertilidad como la tasa de embarazos de riesgo, de niños con bajo peso al nacer, pretérmino e índice de cesáreas.La cirugía bariátrica como alternativa de tratamiento de la obesidad ha mejorado la fertilidad, pero el trastorno malabsortivo que provoca modifica la absorción de nutrientes en la madre y en el feto.El diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional se dificulta dado que la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa estaría contraindicada en estos casos.El objetivo de estas recomendaciones es proveer herramientas para el control y seguimiento de mujeres en edad reproductiva sometidas a cirugía bariatrica.
Introduction: Overweight and obesity are frequently found risk factors in oil industry workers in Argentinian Patagonia with limited access to health care system. Objective: Implement an intervention program based on lifestyle changes for weight reduction among oil industry workers of Patagonia; coordinated by telemedicine from the City of Buenos Aires and carried out by local nurses. Materials and Methods: Nurses in 10 different oil fields, were trained in motivational interviewing, nutrition and physical activity fundamentals. Employees were invited to a 3 months structured program, including workshops on healthy nutrition habits, and weekly consultations to infirmaries for weight control and brief motivational interviews. Participants received a health notebook for self-record of: food intake, physical activity, weight progress and therapeutic objectives. Coordinators monitored the program through video and teleconferences, plus 3 on-site visits. Results: Of 220 participants, 178 (94% males) were included for data analysis, excluding those with BMI<25 kg/m2. Initial data showed 41% overweight, 59% obesity (36.5% grade I, 17.4% grade II and 5.1% grade III) and 93,3% of dyslipidemia among participants. Adherence, measured by assistance to consultations, was 48,9 % high, 37,6% satisfactory and 13,5% low. Median weight loss was 2.5 kg (IQR 1.2 - 4.8) and 2.7% of initial weight (IQR 1.4 - 4.8). High adherence group had an average weight reduction of 4,8kg (95% CI 4.1 - 5.6). Overall, 24% of population lost more than 5% of initial weight, and 7 participants weight loss was greater than 10%. Conclusions: A structured intervention program in remote areas, coordinated by telemedicine can be a successful tool for weight loss and reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors. Disclosure J. Mociulsky: None. P. Ruiz: None. P.C. Zarate: None. L. Cura: None. M.M. Ganduglia Cazaban: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.
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