Purpose:The purpose of the present study is to analyze the results of subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) and transdiaphragmatic pericardial window (TDP) procedures comparing the two techniques. Methods: During the period of January, 1994 to December, 2004, at UNICAMP, 245 patients underwent a pericardial window (PW) procedure to evaluate the possibility of cardiac injury. We reviewed the medical records of those patients in order to compare both procedures. Results: Two hundred and seven patients (84.5%) underwent the SPW procedure, and 38 (15.5%) underwent the TDP procedure. Of the patients who underwent a SPW procedure, 151 (72.9%) had gunshots injuries, and 56 (27.1%) had stab wounds. In the group of patients submitted to TDP procedure, the wound was caused by gunshot in 26 (68.4%). The SPW method has shown a sensitivity of 97.5%, specificity of 95.8%, and an accuracy of 96.1%. The TDP method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97% and a 97.4% of accuracy rate. This review showed 8 (3.3%) false positive results. There was a single case (2.6%) of complications directly associated to the TDP, and this patient developed pericarditis. Conclusions: Both techniques presented an equally great result, with high sensitivity and specificity. Both surgical techniques must be carefully done to avoid false positive results.Key words: Trauma. Penetrating wounds. Thoracic injuries. Heart. Pericardial window techniques. RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar os resultados da janela pericárdica subxifóidea (JPSX) e da janela pericárdica transdiafragmática (JPTD), comparando as duas técnicas. Métodos: Durante o período entre Janeiro de 1994 a Dezembro de 2004, 245 pacientes foram submetidos à janela pericárdica (JP) na Unicamp, a fim de avaliar a presença de lesão cardíaca. Foram revisadas as informações destes pacientes a fim de comparar as técnicas de JP. Resultados: Duzentos e sete (84,5%) pacientes foram submetidos à JPSX, e 38 (15,5%) à JPTD. Dos pacientes que realizaram a JPSX, 151 (72,9%) foram vítimas de lesões provocadas por projétil de arma de fogo (FPAF), e 56 (27,1%) por arma branca (FAB). Em relação aos pacientes submetidos à JPTD, o ferimento foi causado por FPAF em 26 (68,4%). O método JPSX teve uma sensibilidade de 97,5%, especificidade de 95,8%, e uma acurácia de 96,1%. A JPTD resultou numa sensibilidade de 100%, especificidade de 97% e 97,4% de acurácia. Em 8 pacientes (3,3%) o resultado foi falso-positivo. Houve um único caso (2,6%) de complicação diretamente relacionada à JPTD. Conclusões: Ambas as técnicas apresentaram um bom resultado, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade. Entretanto, estes procedimentos cirúrgicos devem ser efetuados com cuidado, a fim de evitar resultados falso-positivos.Descritores: Trauma. Ferimentos penetrantes. Lesões torácicas. Coração. Técnicas de janela pericárdica.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e as complicações da utilização da janela pericárdica (JP) transdiafragmática no diagnóstico de lesão cardíaca por ferimento penetrante. MÉTODO: No período de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2004 a JP foi indicada em 245 casos com suspeita de trauma cardíaco por ferimento penetrante. Em 38 deles (15,5%) a JP foi realizada através de acesso transdiafragmático, constituindo a população do presente estudo. RESULTADOS: O mecanismo de lesão foi ferimento por projétil de arma de fogo (FPAF) em 26 casos (68,4%) e por arma branca (FAB) em 12 casos (31,6%). Na maioria dos pacientes (27 casos - 71%) os ferimentos eram múltiplos. A média de RTS foi de 7,32 e a média de PATI foi de 9,8. A JP foi considerada positiva em seis casos (15,8%) dos quais cinco (83%) por FPAF e um (17%) por FAB. Houve um paciente, vítima de múltiplos FPAF, com JP positiva e toracotomia em que não foi identificada lesão cardíaca. A sensibilidade do método foi de 97,4% e a especificidade de 100%. Em 12 (31,6%) pacientes houve associação de lesão com perfuração de víscera oca. Houve um único caso (2,6%) de complicação diretamente relacionada ao procedimento, em uma vítima de múltiplos FPAF com lesão perfurada de fígado, estômago e cólon, que evoluiu com pericardite, necessitando posteriormente de drenagem pericárdica, com boa resolução. A mortalidade foi de 7,9% (três casos), um dos quais em pós-operatório de reparo de lesão cardíaca por coagulopatia/acidose. CONCLUSÕES: A JP trandiafragmática é um procedimento que permite o rápido diagnóstico de lesão cardíaca em pacientes nos quais a prioridade é a laparotomia. Trata-se de método de fácil realização e alta sensibilidade.
Introduction: Claudins are tight junction molecules that have been associated with breast cancer prognosis. The claudin-low intrinsic subtype of invasive carcinoma was recently described and associated with high grade carcinoma, low junction molecules expression and worse response to chemotherapy. However, it is not known whether the expression of claudins may provide clues as to carcinoma in situ prognosis. The aim of study was evaluate the association between claudin–4 expression and disease-free survival and histologic type of local recurrence in carcinoma in situ after longer follow up. Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) block was constructed from 137 pure carcinoma in situ paraffin blocks sampled from patients treated from 1999 to 2009. The TMA was submitted to immunohistochemical staining for claudin-4. A claudin-4 score calculated based on percentage and intensity of expression, categorized samples as: claudin-4-low or claudin–4-high. Clinical data, treatment data, local recurrence data and survival of each patient were reanalyzed from medical records. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze disease-free survival; qui-square and Fisher test were employed to compare others variables; a significance level of 5 % was used. Results: Claudin-4 expression was evaluated in 86 samples, 88.4% were claudin-4-high and 11.6% claudin-4-low. Mean follow up was 8.2 years ( and local recurrence rate was 10.5 %. There was significant difference in the disease-free survival between claudin-4-high and claudin-4-low (4.9 x 1.9 respectively, p= 0.02); however there was no difference between both in histologic type of recurrence, invasive or in situ (p=0.44). Conclusion: In our samples, claudin-4-high expression in carcinoma in situ was more frequent than low expression. Our data showed that claudin-4-low expression had a worse prognosis in carcinomas in situ (inferior disease-free survival) but it was similar to claudin-4-high in histologic type of local recurrence. Citation Format: Duarte GM, Almeida NR, Tocchet F, Espinola J, Pinto T, Barreto CT, Pinto GA, Soares FA, Marshall P, Paiva GR. Claudin-4 expression is associated with disease free survival in breast carcinoma in situ: Mean follow up of 8.2 years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-17-05.
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