Determination of the critical state of tailings is essential to the stability analysis of tailings dams, especially to assess the susceptibility to flow liquefaction failures. In contrast to the peak resistance, which can be determined in triaxial tests at relatively small strains, the critical state is often reached at higher strains. Therefore, determining the critical state in triaxial extension tests is more difficult than in compression tests because the concentration of stresses and strains in extension tests is more severe and usually inevitable, resulting in necking that may greatly affect the computed deviatoric stress and void ratio (if the test is drained). This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method of necking correction using photography. The method was used in the determination of the critical state in drained triaxial extension tests. A sample of silty sand tailings obtained from the reservoir of the Fundão dam two years prior to its collapse was used. The critical friction angle was approximately the same in compression and extension, showing that the proposed method is promising as many authors consider that the critical state friction angle is the same in these two conditions.
RESUMO: No Brasil é comum fazer a deposição dos rejeitos por lançamento hidráulico, um processo que gera uma massa heterogênea, cuja granulometria pode ser composta de materiais finos e grosseiros, com proporções variadas ao longo do maciço de rejeitos. Assim, por constituírem o corpo da barragem, torna-se importante o estudo do comportamento mecânico do rejeito para posteriores análises de estabilidade de taludes. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influência da composição granulométrica (teor de finos -FC) nos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento de um rejeito de minério de ferro com granulometria silto-arenosa. Para isto, corpos de prova constituídos com diferentes proporções em massa de material fino (0%, 20%, 34%, 60% e 100%) foram submetidos a ensaios Ring Shear, a fim de obter envoltórias para cada mistura utilizada. Os resultados expressam uma variação de 2° para o ângulo de atrito entre os valores máximo, 31° para 60 % de finos, e mínimo, 29º para 0% de finos.
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